Ndiaye Assane, Morlighem Camille, Diène Aminata Niang, Kane Moussa, Diallo Abdoulaye, Tairou Fassiatou, Nourdine Mohamed Abderemane, Sarr Pape Cheikh, Konaté Lassana, Faye Ousmane, Gaye Oumar, Niang El Hadji Amadou, Linard Catherine, Sy Ousmane
Faculté des Lettres et Sciences Humaines, Département de Géographie, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Sénégal.
Department of Geography, University of Namur, 5000, Namur, Belgium.
Malar J. 2025 May 26;24(1):167. doi: 10.1186/s12936-025-05388-5.
The progress made against malaria has resulted in a nationwide reduction of the disease burden in Senegal. The observed overall low transmission levels are, however, marked by an important spatial heterogeneity with hotspots subsisting in several parts of the country. This requires the determination of the local and regional factors of the observed disparities for tailored interventions to accelerate malaria elimination everywhere. This study aimed to demonstrate the role of larval breeding sites on malaria epidemiological trends in Djilakh, which is one of the malaria hotspots of the Mbour health district.
This study was carried out between 2013 and 2017, during the rainy season (June-November) of each year and surveys per year. The malaria incidence consisted of cases confirmed by RDT and climate data, including the rainfall were retrieved from the Mbour weather station. To assess the impact of larval breeding sites on malaria transmission in Djilakh village, logistic regression under the Poisson models were run. The QGIS 2.2.0 free mapping software was used to generate maps.
The results showed that mosquito breeding sites found within and in the vicinity of the study village consisted of natural temporary ponds, characterized by clay and clay-sandy soils. The analysis of meteorological and malaria morbidity indicated that malaria transmission is influenced by precipitation. The correlation between malaria morbidity and functioning breeding sites varied throughout the rainy season, depending on the size and stability of the existing breeding sites. The incidence of malaria cases was significantly higher (82.4%; 103/125; P < 0.011; OR = 27.006) in hamlets closer to the breeding sites (less than 500 m), declining gradually with distance with 17.6% (22/125) of the cases recorded in hamlets located between 500 and 1000 m apart from the larval habitats and, no cases in the most remote hamlets (> 1000 m).
These findings represent a preliminary step towards a better understanding of how the environmental factors influence the persistence of malaria transmission in the studied hotspot villages in Senegal. The generated results indicate a need for targeted control actions in the studied site.
抗击疟疾所取得的进展已使塞内加尔全国的疾病负担有所减轻。然而，观察到的总体低传播水平存在显著的空间异质性，该国多个地区仍存在疟疾热点地区。这就需要确定造成观察到的差异的当地和区域因素，以便采取针对性干预措施，在各地加速消除疟疾。本研究旨在证明幼虫孳生地对姆布尔卫生区疟疾热点地区之一吉拉克疟疾流行趋势的作用。
本研究于2013年至2017年每年的雨季（6月至11月）进行，每年开展调查。疟疾发病率包括经快速诊断检测确诊的病例，气候数据（包括降雨量）取自姆布尔气象站。为评估幼虫孳生地对吉拉克村疟疾传播的影响，在泊松模型下进行了逻辑回归分析。使用QGIS 2.2.0免费绘图软件制作地图。
结果显示，在研究村庄内及附近发现的蚊虫孳生地为天然临时池塘，其特征为黏土和黏砂土。气象分析和疟疾发病率表明，疟疾传播受降水影响。整个雨季，疟疾发病率与正常运行的孳生地之间的相关性因现有孳生地的大小和稳定性而异。离孳生地较近（小于500米）的村庄疟疾发病率显著更高（82.4%；103/125；P < 0.011；OR = 27.006），随着距离增加逐渐下降，在距离幼虫栖息地500至1000米的村庄记录到17.6%（22/125）的病例，而在最偏远的村庄（>1000米）未记录到病例。
这些发现是朝着更好地理解环境因素如何影响塞内加尔研究热点村庄疟疾传播持续存在迈出的初步一步。所得结果表明在所研究地点需要采取针对性控制行动。
