ElMalah Noha Sabry, Ibrahim Yomna, Mostafa Dawlat
Dental Biomaterials, College of Dentistry, The Arab Academy for Science and Technology and Maritime Transport (AASTMT), El-Alamein, Egypt.
Dental Biomaterials Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Dental Biomaterials, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
BMC Oral Health. 2025 May 27;25(1):806. doi: 10.1186/s12903-025-06223-8.
Interim restorations are crucial in dental implant procedures as they ensure patient's comfort, maintain esthetic appearance, and restore function during the healing process. Optimizing retention of these restorations ensures their long-term success. This study aims to evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) of nano-modified, additively manufactured resin-based interim materials to smooth and rough titanium surfaces.
Ninety-six specimens were prepared with a 3D printed resin (VarseoSmile Crown plus; Bego) and divided into 3 groups: group I (VS control) (n = 32), group II (VS 0.2%TiO) (n = 32), and group III (VS 0.4%TiO) (n = 32), then each group was divided into 2 subgroups according to bonded titanium surface: smooth (n = 16) and sandblasted (n = 16). The prepared resin samples underwent air abrasion followed by citric acid etching. Subsequently, surface roughness (Ra) values were measured by surface profilometer. Each specimen was bonded with a dual-cured adhesive resin cement for SBS testing using universal testing machine. Half of the specimens of each group were subjected to thermocycling (1000 cycles) then tested for SBS. Failure modes were determined using stereomicroscope. Surface roughness was compared using paired t-tests, while two-way ANOVA assessed filler type and surface treatment effects. Three-way ANOVA evaluated the impact of filler type, surface treatment, and thermocycling on SBS. Significance was set at P < 0.05.
Surface treatment showed a statistically significant increase in surface roughness of nanomodified composite specimens as well as titanium surfaces (P < 0.0001). The highest surface roughness was seen in group I (0.701 ± 0.113) followed by group III (0.690 ± 0.107), group II (0.653 ± 0.133) and rough titanium surface (0.548 ± 0.062). Regarding SBS values, before thermocycling, group I (8.85 ± 1.03) was the highest, followed by group III (8.29 ± 0.57) then group II (6.87 ± 0.53). After thermocycling, group III bonded to rough titanium surface showed the highest values (12.87 ± 0.77), while group II was the lowest (7.81 ± 0.94) (P < 0.0001).
Surface treatment significantly enhanced surface roughness and SBS of nanomodified composites to titanium surfaces. This improvement underscores the effectiveness of nanomodification and surface treatment in optimizing the adhesive interface, which is crucial for achieving durable bonding in dental restorations.
临时修复体在牙种植手术中至关重要，因为它们能确保患者舒适度，维持美观，并在愈合过程中恢复功能。优化这些修复体的固位力可确保其长期成功。本研究旨在评估纳米改性的增材制造树脂基临时材料与光滑及粗糙钛表面之间的剪切粘结强度（SBS）。
用3D打印树脂（VarseoSmile Crown plus；Bego）制备96个标本，并分为3组：第一组（VS对照组）（n = 32），第二组（VS 0.2%TiO）（n = 32），第三组（VS 0.4%TiO）（n = 32），然后根据粘结的钛表面将每组再分为2个亚组：光滑（n = 16）和喷砂（n = 16）。制备的树脂样本先进行空气喷砂，然后用柠檬酸蚀刻。随后，用表面轮廓仪测量表面粗糙度（Ra）值。每个标本用双固化粘结树脂水门汀粘结，使用万能试验机进行SBS测试。每组一半的标本进行热循环（1000次循环），然后测试SBS。使用体视显微镜确定失效模式。使用配对t检验比较表面粗糙度，而双向方差分析评估填料类型和表面处理效果。三向方差分析评估填料类型、表面处理和热循环对SBS的影响。显著性设定为P < 0.05。
表面处理显示纳米改性复合标本以及钛表面的表面粗糙度有统计学显著增加（P < 0.0001）。表面粗糙度最高的是第一组（0.701 ± 0.113），其次是第三组（0.690 ± 0.107）、第二组（0.653 ± 0.133）和粗糙钛表面（0.548 ± 0.062）。关于SBS值，热循环前，第一组（8.85 ± 1.03）最高，其次是第三组（8.29 ± 0.57），然后是第二组（6.87 ± 0.53）。热循环后，粘结到粗糙钛表面的第三组显示出最高值（12.8
