Monisha Sekar, Ajithkumar Samuthirakani, Myithili Thangavel, Sudharsan Kumaresan, Keerthana Thangaraj, Sarikalakshmi Baskaran, Soundharya Venkatesh, Pandi Mohan, Kalimuthu Palanisamy
Department of Chemistry, The Gandhigram Rural Institute-Deemetd to be University, Gandhigram, Dindigul, Tamilnadu, 624302, India.
School of Biotechnology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamilnadu, India.
Photochem Photobiol Sci. 2025 May 27. doi: 10.1007/s43630-025-00741-8.
In this study, we explored the photophysical properties of three forms of glycosylated porphyrin photosensitizers, mainly focusing on their ability to generate singlet oxygen for photodynamic therapy. Porphyrin derivatives are known for their efficacy in photodynamic therapy due to their ability to generate singlet oxygen, a reactive oxygen species crucial for cellular damage in cancer therapy. The three porphyrin molecules are designated as free-base (GPPOH), protonated (PGPPOH), and metalated (ZnGPPOH) glycosylated porphyrins. The singlet oxygen quantum yield (Φ) values were determined through the UV-visible spectroscopic technique using a singlet oxygen quenchers, 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran, and anthracene1,3-dimethyl malonate. Our findings reveal that PGPPOH porphyrin photosensitizer exhibits the highest Φ value, followed by ZnGPPOH and GPPOH, indicating a correlation between molecular structure and photodynamic efficiency. Photo-cytotoxicity studies also demonstrate that PGPPOH exhibits greater cell apoptosis in HeLa cells, while showing minimal cytotoxic effects in HEK cells than GPPOH and ZnGPPOH. PGPPOH has two positive charges in its core, which may preferentially localize it to cancer cells with negative mitochondrial membrane potential. This study provides valuable insights for optimizing porphyrin-based photosensitizers in therapeutic applications.
在本研究中，我们探索了三种形式的糖基化卟啉光敏剂的光物理性质，主要聚焦于它们在光动力疗法中产生单线态氧的能力。卟啉衍生物因其产生单线态氧的能力而在光动力疗法中具有疗效，单线态氧是一种活性氧物种，对癌症治疗中的细胞损伤至关重要。这三种卟啉分子分别被指定为游离碱（GPPOH）、质子化（PGPPOH）和金属化（ZnGPPOH）糖基化卟啉。单线态氧量子产率（Φ）值是通过使用单线态氧猝灭剂1,3-二苯基异苯并呋喃和丙二酸1,3-二甲基蒽的紫外可见光谱技术测定的。我们的研究结果表明，PGPPOH卟啉光敏剂表现出最高的Φ值，其次是ZnGPPOH和GPPOH，这表明分子结构与光动力效率之间存在相关性。光细胞毒性研究还表明，PGPPOH在HeLa细胞中表现出更大的细胞凋亡，而在HEK细胞中比GPPOH和ZnGPPOH表现出最小的细胞毒性作用。PGPPOH在其核心有两个正电荷，这可能使其优先定位于线粒体膜电位为负的癌细胞。本研究为优化基于卟啉的光敏剂在治疗应用中的性能提供了有价值的见解。
