University of Ostrava, Czech Republic.
Pennsylvania State University, USA.
Psychol Sport Exerc. 2024 Mar;71:102566. doi: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2023.102566. Epub 2023 Nov 18.
Intention is a proximal predictor of behavior in many theories of behavior change, but intentions to be physically active do not always translate to actual physical activity. Little research has examined intensive longitudinal changes in physical activity and corresponding within-person moderators needed to elucidate the mechanisms, hurdles, and facilitators of individuals' everyday physical activity behaviors. The present study set out to evaluate the possible moderators of the intention-physical activity relationship across within-person and between-person levels, including cross-level interactions. Data comprise the first intensive measurement burst (14 days) of the longitudinal prospective Healthy Aging in Industrial Environment (HAIE) study, with N = 1135 participants (N = 10,030 person-days), aged 18-65. Physical activity was operationalized as step counts measured objectively using Fitbit Charge 3/4 fitness monitor. Intention, barriers to physical activity, and social support for physical activity were measured daily via smartphone surveys. Stable characteristics, i.e., physical activity habit and exercise identity, were measured using an online questionnaire. A multilevel moderation regression model with Bayesian estimator was fitted. At the within-person level, the relation between intention and steps was weaker on days when barriers were more severe than usual for a given person (Estimate = -0.267; CI = [-0.340, -0.196]) and social support was below average for a given person (Est = 0.143; CI = [0.023, 0.262]). Additionally, the daily intention-behavior relationship was stronger for people with lower average severity of barriers (Est = -0.153; CI = [-0.268, -0.052]), higher exercise identity (Est = 0.300; CI = [0.047, 0.546]), men (Est = -1.294, CI = [-1.854, -0.707]), and older individuals (Est = 0.042, CI = [0.017, 0.064]). At the between-person level, only physical activity habit strengthened the intention-behavior link (Est = 0.794; CI = [0.090, 1.486]). Our results underscore the need to separate the between-person differences from the within-person fluctuations to better understand the individual dynamics in physical activity behaviors. Personalized interventions aimed at helping individuals translate intentions to actual physical activity could be tailored and become more intensive when there is a higher risk of intention-behavior gap on a given day for a specific individual (i.e., a day with more severe barriers and less social support), by increasing the dosage or deploying more precisely targeted intervention strategies and components. In addition, interventionists should take gender and age into account when tailoring everyday strategies to help individuals act on their intentions.
意图是许多行为改变理论中行为的近端预测指标，但参与体育活动的意图并不总是转化为实际的体育活动。很少有研究探讨体育活动的密集纵向变化，以及阐明个人日常体育活动行为的机制、障碍和促进因素所需的个体内调节因素。本研究旨在评估在个体内和个体间水平上意图-体育活动关系的可能调节因素，包括跨水平相互作用。数据包括纵向前瞻性健康老龄化工业环境（HAIE）研究的第一个密集测量爆发（14 天），共有 1135 名参与者（N=10030 人天），年龄在 18-65 岁之间。体育活动是使用 Fitbit Charge 3/4 健身监测器客观测量的步数来操作的。意图、体育活动障碍和体育活动社会支持是通过智能手机调查每天测量的。稳定特征，即体育活动习惯和锻炼身份，是使用在线问卷测量的。使用贝叶斯估计的多层次调节回归模型进行拟合。在个体内水平上，当一个人每天的障碍比平时严重（估计值=-0.267；CI=-0.340，-0.196），或者一个人每天的社会支持低于平均水平（估计值=0.143；CI=0.023，0.262）时，意图与步数之间的关系较弱。此外，对于障碍平均严重程度较低的人（估计值=-0.153；CI=-0.268，-0.052）、锻炼身份较高的人（估计值=0.300；CI=0.047，0.546）、男性（估计值=-1.294，CI=-1.854，-0.707）和年龄较大的个体（估计值=0.042，CI=0.017，0.064），日常意图-行为关系更强。在个体间水平上，只有体育活动习惯增强了意图-行为联系（估计值=0.794；CI=0.090，1.486）。我们的结果强调需要将个体间差异与个体内波动分开，以更好地理解体育活动行为的个体动态。针对帮助个人将意图转化为实际体育活动的个性化干预措施，可以根据特定个体在特定日期（即障碍更严重和社会支持较少的日子）意图-行为差距的风险增加，通过增加剂量或更精确地部署干预策略和组件来进行调整和加强。此外，干预人员在制定日常策略以帮助个人实现意图时，应考虑到性别和年龄。
