Farmer Orlagh, Belton Sarahjane, O'Brien Wesley
School of Education, Sports Studies and Physical Education Department, 2 Lucan Place, Western Road, University College Cork, Cork, T12 KX72, Ireland.
School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin D09 W6Y4, Ireland.
Sports (Basel). 2017 Sep 27;5(4):74. doi: 10.3390/sports5040074.
This study examines the relationship between actual fundamental motor skill (FMS) proficiency, perceived motor confidence and competence, and physical activity (PA) among female children (= 160; mean age = 10.69 ± 1.40 years). The Test of Gross Motor Development-2nd Edition (TGMD-2) was used to assess seven FMSs (locomotor, object-control, and stability). Motor confidence and competence were assessed using a valid skill-specific scale, and a modified version of the Self-Perception Profile for Children. PA levels were assessed using self-report (PA Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C)) and classified as low, moderate, and high active. One-way and two-way ANOVAs (post-hoc honest significant difference (HSD)) and correlation coefficients were used to analyse the data. Findings indicate that the majority of youth (71.8%) were not meeting the minimum 60 min of daily PA recommended for health, and that 98.1% did not achieve the FMS proficiency expected for their age. While there were high levels of perceived physical self-confidence (PSC) reported within FMS skill-specific tasks, there was no significant correlation observed between actual FMS proficiency and perceived PSC among the cohort. Results show that low, moderately, and highly active female participants differ significantly in terms of their overall FMS ( = 0.03) and locomotor (LOC) control scores ( = 0.03). Results from a two-way between-groups analysis of variance also revealed no statistically significant interaction effect between PA grouping and physical performance self-concept (PPSC) on overall FMS proficiency levels. Results of a multiple linear regression indicate that perceived PSC is a significant predictor (beta = 0.183) of participants' overall PA levels. Data show a need for targeting low levels of PA, and low FMS proficiency in female youth, and for developing interventions aiming to enhance perceived PSC levels.
本研究调查了160名女童(平均年龄 = 10.69 ± 1.40岁)的实际基本运动技能(FMS)熟练程度、感知运动信心和能力与身体活动(PA)之间的关系。采用《粗大运动发展测试第二版》(TGMD - 2)评估七种FMS(移动、物体控制和稳定性)。使用有效的特定技能量表和儿童自我认知量表的修订版评估运动信心和能力。使用自我报告(《大龄儿童身体活动问卷》(PAQ - C))评估PA水平,并将其分为低、中、高活动水平。采用单因素和双因素方差分析(事后诚实显著差异(HSD))以及相关系数对数据进行分析。研究结果表明,大多数青少年(71.8%)未达到健康推荐的每日最低60分钟PA,98.1%未达到其年龄预期的FMS熟练程度。虽然在FMS特定技能任务中报告了较高水平的感知身体自信(PSC),但在该队列中,实际FMS熟练程度与感知PSC之间未观察到显著相关性。结果显示,低、中、高活动水平的女性参与者在总体FMS( = 0.03)和移动(LOC)控制得分( =