Kono Kanako, Kozu Yutaka, Yokota Shun, Hatayama Kouta, Mizumura Kenji, Maruoka Shuichiro, Masuyama Hiroaki, Gon Yasuhiro
Symbiosis Solutions Inc., 2-8-11 Kandasarugakucho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0064, Japan.
Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Ohyaguchi-Kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan.
Biomedicines. 2025 May 21;13(5):1264. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines13051264.
: Nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) is treated using a combination of multiple antimicrobial agents and prolonged therapy; however, recurrence and reinfection rates remain high. Susceptibility to NTM-PD is not fully understood. We aimed to investigate the association between NTM-PD and gut microbiota and determine the impact of antimicrobial therapy on the composition of the gut microbiota. We analyzed the gut microbiota of 20 Japanese females with NTM-PD (mean age: 67.9 years; range: 50-80 years) at different treatment stages-before, during, and at recurrence-alongside 20 healthy individuals, using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Subgroup A (pre-treatment) showed a small difference in β-diversity when compared with the healthy control (HC) group, while no significant differences in α-diversity were observed. Subgroup B (during treatment) exhibited a larger difference in β-diversity compared with the HC group, along with a decrease in α-diversity. The α-diversity of the gut microbiota in Subgroup C (at recurrence) was lower than that in Subgroup A but higher than that in Subgroup B. In Subgroups A and C, the bacterial taxa , , , and had decreased relative abundance, while , , , , and had increased relative abundance compared to those in the HC group. The loss of normal resident gut bacteria may hinder reacquisition. Treatment may be associated with the persistence of a dysbiotic gut microbiota, fostering susceptibility to NTM-PD. Gut microbiota dysbiosis may heighten susceptibility to NTM-PD, complicate treatment outcomes, and increase the risk of microbiological recurrence following therapy.
非结核分枝杆菌肺病（NTM-PD）采用多种抗菌药物联合及延长治疗；然而，复发率和再感染率仍然很高。NTM-PD的易感性尚未完全了解。我们旨在研究NTM-PD与肠道微生物群之间的关联，并确定抗菌治疗对肠道微生物群组成的影响。我们使用16S rRNA基因扩增子测序分析了20名患有NTM-PD的日本女性（平均年龄：67.9岁；范围：50-80岁）在不同治疗阶段（治疗前、治疗期间和复发时）以及20名健康个体的肠道微生物群。A亚组（治疗前）与健康对照组（HC）相比，β多样性存在微小差异，而α多样性未观察到显著差异。B亚组（治疗期间）与HC组相比，β多样性差异更大，同时α多样性降低。C亚组（复发时）肠道微生物群的α多样性低于A亚组，但高于B亚组。在A亚组和C亚组中，与HC组相比，细菌分类群、、、和的相对丰度降低，而、、、、和的相对丰度增加。正常常驻肠道细菌的丧失可能会阻碍重新获得。治疗可能与肠道微生物群失调的持续存在有关，增加了对NTM-PD的易感性。肠道微生物群失调可能会增加对NTM-PD的易感性，使治疗结果复杂化，并增加治疗后微生物复发的风险。
