Connell J P
Child Dev. 1985 Aug;56(4):1018-41.
Perceived control plays a central role in many motivational and cognitive accounts of behavior. In this study, a new 48-item self-report instrument, the Multidimensional Measure of Children's Perceptions of Control, is described. Perceptions of control are defined as children's understanding of the locus of the sufficient cause for success and failure outcomes. 3 dimensions of third- through ninth-grade children's perceptions of control are independently assessed: internal, powerful others, and unknown. Each of these sources of control is assessed within 3 behavioral domains: cognitive, social, and physical. General items are also included. Perceptions of control over success outcomes and failure outcomes are assessed separately. The psychometric properties of the new measure's subscales are presented. Correlations of the new measure with measures of perceived and actual competence and findings demonstrating the sensitivity of the new measure to developmental, gender, and environmental influences are reported. It is argued that the new measure is an advance over existing measures of internal versus external locus of control in children because it provides domain-specific assessments of 3 separate dimensions of locus of control, including the previously untapped dimension of unknown control.
感知控制在许多关于行为的动机和认知解释中起着核心作用。在本研究中，描述了一种新的48项自我报告工具——儿童感知控制多维量表。控制感被定义为儿童对成功和失败结果的充分原因所在之处的理解。对三至九年级儿童的控制感的三个维度进行独立评估：内在、强大他人和未知。这些控制源中的每一个都在三个行为领域内进行评估：认知、社会和身体。还包括一般性项目。分别评估对成功结果和失败结果的控制感。呈现了新量表各子量表的心理测量特性。报告了新量表与感知能力和实际能力量表的相关性，以及表明新量表对发展、性别和环境影响具有敏感性的研究结果。有人认为，新量表相对于现有的儿童内在与外在控制点测量方法有所进步，因为它提供了对控制点三个独立维度的特定领域评估，包括之前未涉及的未知控制维度。
