Social and Demographic Determinants of Health: A Descriptive Study on the Impact of Place of Residence and Community Belonging.

BACKGROUND

Social conditions in which individuals live, work, and interact have a significant impact on health. Extensive evidence suggests that place of residence influences health disparities and overall well-being. Understanding the characteristics of a population can help shape healthcare policies that contribute to improved public well-being.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this research was to describe the main characteristics of the population under study, considering place of residence and other sociodemographic factors.

METHODS

This is a descriptive study. A tailored 79-item questionnaire was developed based on validated instruments, including variables related to sociodemographic, physical activity, rest and sleep patterns, emotional well-being, and sense of community belonging. The sample was obtained through an open invitation to the general population, ensuring representativeness in terms of sex, age, and nationality. Data were analysed using standard statistical methods for this type of study.

RESULTS

A total of 487 different response profiles were collected, representing 3.7% of the total population. Not all participants answered every question. Overall, 33.6% of respondents reported having a chronic disease, with the highest prevalence among individuals over 65 years old. Notably, those who live alone are not necessarily the ones who report feeling the loneliest. The findings highlight the need for new social and healthcare policies at the institutional level.

CONCLUSIONS

No statistically significant differences were found based on place of residence, except for those related to physical activity and sense of community belonging.