Wang Mini Han
Zhuhai People's Hospital (The Affiliated Hospital of Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhuhai Clinical Medical College of Jinan University), Zhuhai 519000, China.
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China.
Bioengineering (Basel). 2025 May 20;12(5):548. doi: 10.3390/bioengineering12050548.
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a multifactorial retinal disease influenced by complex molecular mechanisms, including genetic susceptibility, inflammation, oxidative stress, and metabolic dysregulation. While substantial progress has been made in understanding its pathogenesis, the full molecular underpinnings of AMD remain unclear, impeding the effectiveness of current therapeutic strategies. This study provides an in-depth exploration of the molecular interactions involved in AMD progression, particularly focusing on genetic predispositions (such as CFH, ARMS2/HTRA1, and APOE), inflammatory pathways (including complement system dysregulation and cytokine responses), lipid metabolism (e.g., cholesterol homeostasis and drusen formation), and angiogenesis (VEGF signaling). Through a systematic review and bibliometric analysis of literature published between 2015 and 2025, the study identifies emerging research trends, existing gaps, and promising future therapeutic directions. It further investigates innovative precision medicine approaches, including gene editing (CRISPR), RNA therapeutics (siRNA, antisense oligonucleotides), immunomodulatory therapies, and nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems. Additionally, the study examines the role of metabolic disorders such as diabetes and dyslipidemia in AMD progression, highlighting the influence of systemic health factors on disease onset. Finally, the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) in enhancing AMD management through biomarker-based risk stratification, predictive modeling, and personalized treatment optimization is assessed. By mapping the intricate molecular networks underlying AMD and evaluating novel therapeutic strategies, this research aims to contribute to the development of more effective, individualized treatment protocols for patients with AMD.
年龄相关性黄斑变性（AMD）是一种受复杂分子机制影响的多因素视网膜疾病，这些机制包括遗传易感性、炎症、氧化应激和代谢失调。虽然在理解其发病机制方面已取得重大进展，但AMD完整的分子基础仍不清楚，这阻碍了当前治疗策略的有效性。本研究深入探讨了AMD进展过程中涉及的分子相互作用，特别关注遗传易感性（如CFH、ARMS2/HTRA1和APOE）、炎症途径（包括补体系统失调和细胞因子反应）、脂质代谢（如胆固醇稳态和玻璃膜疣形成）以及血管生成（VEGF信号传导）。通过对2015年至2025年发表的文献进行系统综述和文献计量分析，该研究确定了新出现的研究趋势、现有差距以及有前景的未来治疗方向。它进一步研究了创新的精准医学方法，包括基因编辑（CRISPR）、RNA疗法（siRNA、反义寡核苷酸）、免疫调节疗法和基于纳米技术的药物递送系统。此外，该研究还考察了糖尿病和血脂异常等代谢紊乱在AMD进展中的作用，强调了全身健康因素对疾病发病的影响。最后，评估了人工智能（AI）通过基于生物标志物的风险分层、预测建模和个性化治疗优化来加强AMD管理的潜力。通过描绘AMD潜在的复杂分子网络并评估新的治疗策略，本研究旨在为开发更有效、个性化的AMD患者治疗方案做出贡献。
