多miRNA和miRNA海绵的治疗应用

Therapeutic Applications of Poly-miRNAs and miRNA Sponges.

作者信息

Avendaño-Portugal Cynthia, Montaño-Samaniego Mariela, Guttman-Bazbaz Raquel, Bravo-Estupiñan Diana M, Ibáñez-Hernández Miguel

机构信息

Laboratorio de Terapia Génica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Carpio and Plan de Ayala, Col. Sto Tomás, Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico City 11340, Mexico.

Laboratorio de Técnicas Fototérmicas, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Unidad Politécnica Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnología, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 07340, Mexico.

出版信息

Int J Mol Sci. 2025 May 9;26(10):4535. doi: 10.3390/ijms26104535.

DOI:10.3390/ijms26104535

PMID:40429680

Abstract

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNA molecules that play crucial roles in regulating gene expression, and their dysregulation is implicated in various human diseases. Over the years, several research groups have identified miRNAs as promising therapeutic targets for intervention. Therapeutic strategies involve either overexpression or knockdown of specific miRNAs. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of synthetic poly-miRNAs and miRNA sponges, highlighting their therapeutic applications. It begins with an introduction to miRNAs and their role in human diseases, followed by a detailed discussion on synthetic poly-miRNAs and miRNA sponges by exploring their application in cardiovascular, inflammatory, autoimmune, and metabolic disorders, as well as in cancer therapy. Additionally, strategies for targeted delivery, challenges, and limitations of these therapies are addressed.

摘要

微小RNA（miRNA）是一类小的非编码RNA分子，在调节基因表达中起关键作用，其失调与多种人类疾病有关。多年来，几个研究小组已将miRNA确定为有前景的干预治疗靶点。治疗策略包括特定miRNA的过表达或敲低。本综述旨在全面概述合成多miRNA和miRNA海绵，突出它们的治疗应用。首先介绍miRNA及其在人类疾病中的作用，接着通过探讨其在心血管、炎症、自身免疫和代谢紊乱以及癌症治疗中的应用，详细讨论合成多miRNA和miRNA海绵。此外，还阐述了这些疗法的靶向递送策略、挑战和局限性。