Wang Wenxiu, Han Fangbing, Qi Zhi, Yan Chunxia, Su Bodan, Wang Jin
National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
Key Laboratory of Forage and Endemic Crop Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China.
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 May 12;26(10):4614. doi: 10.3390/ijms26104614.
Organisms have evolved various protective mechanisms to survive in complex and dynamic environments. Phase separation is a ubiquitous mechanism in plants, animals, and microorganisms. It facilitates the aggregation of biomolecules through weak interactions, forming membrane-less organelles that help organisms respond effectively to stress signals. These biomolecular condensates include DNA, RNA, and proteins. Proteins are categorized into scaffold and client proteins, whose coordinated actions ensure the compartmentalization of cellular signals, thereby regulating various biological processes. Studies indicate that, in response to stress, phase separation modulates gene expression, signal transduction, cytoskeleton dynamics, and protein homeostasis, ensuring the precise spatiotemporal control of cellular functions. These insights underscore the crucial role of phase separation in maintaining cellular integrity and adaptability.
生物体已经进化出各种保护机制，以便在复杂多变的环境中生存。相分离是植物、动物和微生物中普遍存在的一种机制。它通过弱相互作用促进生物分子的聚集，形成无膜细胞器，帮助生物体有效地应对应激信号。这些生物分子凝聚物包括DNA、RNA和蛋白质。蛋白质分为支架蛋白和客户蛋白，它们的协同作用确保细胞信号的区室化，从而调节各种生物过程。研究表明，在应激反应中，相分离调节基因表达、信号转导、细胞骨架动力学和蛋白质稳态，确保细胞功能的精确时空控制。这些见解强调了相分离在维持细胞完整性和适应性方面的关键作用。
