Osman Arwa, Andrus Peter S, Zhu Xianglu, Dong Zhaoyang, Guo Yunhai, Nour Bakri Y M, Zhou Xiaonong, Zhao Liming
State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
Blue Nile National Institute for Communicable Diseases, University of Gezira, P.O. Box 20, Wad Madani 5118 40466, Sudan.
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 May 16;26(10):4756. doi: 10.3390/ijms26104756.
is a key intermediate host for transmission in Sudan. In total, 27 complete mitochondrial genomes from seven populations in Gezira State, Sudan, were sequenced for the first time to investigate their population structure and phylogenetic relationships. This involved comparing the nucleotide composition, codon usage, rRNAs, and tRNAs of the East Gezira (EG), South Gezira (SG), Hasahisa (HA), Greater Wad Medani (GW), Managil (MA), and North Umelgura (NU1, NU3) populations. All 27 mitogenomes (13,688-13,696 bp) contained 37 genes with conserved AT/GC content (76.7/23.4%). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that although samples clustered within the same clade, from EG, SG, NU1, and NU3 grouped closely with from Kenya, whereas HA and GW samples formed distinct ancestral lineages. The MA population exhibited unique genetic characteristics, supported by phylogenetic trees and nucleotide/amino acid identity, suggesting the potential presence of a distinct subspecies that warrants further investigation. All protein-coding genes evolved under negative selection, with the amino acids of and being highly conserved, while exhibited some variation. Further research on the mitogenomic diversity of and other species in Sudan and across Africa is needed in order to better understand the population structure and evolutionary history of .
是苏丹传播的关键中间宿主。首次对苏丹杰济拉州七个种群的27个完整线粒体基因组进行测序，以研究它们的种群结构和系统发育关系。这涉及比较东杰济拉（EG）、南杰济拉（SG）、哈萨希萨（HA）、大瓦德迈达尼（GW）、马纳吉尔（MA）以及北乌梅尔古拉（NU1、NU3）种群的核苷酸组成、密码子使用、rRNA和tRNA。所有27个线粒体基因组（13,688 - 13,696 bp）包含37个基因，具有保守的AT/GC含量（76.7/23.4%）。系统发育分析表明，尽管样本聚集在同一进化枝内，但来自EG、SG、NU1和NU3的样本与来自肯尼亚的样本紧密聚类，而HA和GW样本形成了不同的祖先谱系。MA种群表现出独特的遗传特征，得到系统发育树和核苷酸/氨基酸同一性的支持，表明可能存在一个独特的亚种，值得进一步研究。所有蛋白质编码基因在负选择下进化，细胞色素b和细胞色素c氧化酶亚基I的氨基酸高度保守，而细胞色素c氧化酶亚基II表现出一些变异。为了更好地了解该物种的种群结构和进化历史，需要对苏丹和非洲其他地区该物种的线粒体基因组多样性进行进一步研究。
