Popova Marina, Kriuchkov Nikita R, Myasnikov Ivan, Kizeev Alexei, Ushamova Svetlana, Manakhov Dmitriy
Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Kosygina 19, Moscow 119991, Russia.
Faculty of Biology, Shenzhen MSU-BIT University, International University Park Road 1, Dayun New Town, Longgang District, Shenzhen 517182, China.
Life (Basel). 2025 May 12;15(5):774. doi: 10.3390/life15050774.
This study presents the first comprehensive examination of Cs behavior in northern taiga ecosystems of the Kola Peninsula, a previously understudied region regarding radionuclide mobility. The background radioactive contamination of these ecosystems stems from global fallout and differs from more extensively studied contaminated areas. Twelve monitoring sites at varying distances from the Kola nuclear power plant were established to assess Cs accumulation in dominant plant species across three forest tiers. Gamma-spectrometric measurements revealed high mobility of Cs with specific activity ranging within 4.7-34.5 Bq/kg in trees, 8.4-164.8 Bq/kg in shrubs, and 15.0-94.5 Bq/kg in mosses. Notably, Ericaceae family plants demonstrated the highest accumulation capacity. Cs concentrations were significantly higher at the background site (30 km from the power plant) than in the sanitary protection zone, indicating no detectable influence from the nuclear facility. Strong correlations (up to |rs| = 0.93) between bioaccumulation indicators and soil properties were found-particularly with potassium content, exchangeable cation concentration, and organic matter content-suggesting that soil characteristics primarily determine Cs mobility. These findings highlight the potential risk of Cs movement through food chains in northern taiga ecosystems, with bioaccumulation coefficients exceeding those of central Russian landscapes and being comparable to those of Scandinavian taiga ecosystems.
本研究首次全面考察了科拉半岛北部针叶林生态系统中铯的行为，该地区是一个此前在放射性核素迁移方面研究较少的区域。这些生态系统的背景放射性污染源于全球沉降，与研究更广泛的受污染地区不同。在距离科拉核电站不同距离处设立了12个监测点，以评估三个森林层次中优势植物物种的铯积累情况。伽马能谱测量显示铯具有高迁移性，其比活度在树木中为4.7 - 34.5 Bq/kg，灌木中为8.4 - 164.8 Bq/kg，苔藓中为15.0 - 9,4.5 Bq/kg。值得注意的是，杜鹃花科植物表现出最高的积累能力。背景站点（距核电站30公里）的铯浓度显著高于卫生防护区，表明未检测到核设施的影响。生物积累指标与土壤性质之间存在强相关性（高达|rs| = 0.93），特别是与钾含量、可交换阳离子浓度和有机质含量，这表明土壤特性主要决定铯的迁移性。这些发现突出了铯在北方针叶林生态系统中通过食物链移动的潜在风险，其生物积累系数超过俄罗斯中部地区景观，与斯堪的纳维亚针叶林生态系统相当。
