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纳米几丁质与纳米壳聚糖在药物应用中的创新、应用及未来展望

Nanochitin and Nanochitosan in Pharmaceutical Applications: Innovations, Applications, and Future Perspective.

作者信息

Vega-Baudrit José Roberto, Lopretti Mary, Montes de Oca Gabriela, Camacho Melissa, Batista Diego, Corrales Yendry, Araya Andrea, Bahloul Badr, Corvis Yohann, Castillo-Henríquez Luis

机构信息

Lanotec Cenat Conare, San José 10101, Costa Rica.

Chemistry School, Universidad Nacional, Heredia 40101, Costa Rica.

出版信息

Pharmaceutics. 2025 Apr 27;17(5):576. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics17050576.

DOI:10.3390/pharmaceutics17050576
PMID:40430868
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12114985/
Abstract

Nanochitin is a nanoscale form of chitin-a polysaccharide found in the exoskeletons of crustaceans, insects, and some fungal cell walls-that is newly garnering significant attention in the pharmaceutical space. Its good properties, such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, and an easily adjustable surface, render it attractive for various medical and pharmaceutical applications. Nanochitin, from drug delivery systems and wound-care formulations to vaccine adjuvants and antimicrobial strategies, has demonstrated its strong potential in meeting diverse therapeutic needs. This review covers the background of nanochitin, including methods for its extraction and refining and its principal physicochemical and biological properties. It further discusses various hydrolysis and enzymatic approaches for the structural and functional characterization of nanochitin and highlights some pharmaceutical applications where this biopolymer has been studied. The review also addresses toxicity issues, regulatory matters, and challenges in large-scale industrial production. Finally, it underscores novel avenues of investigation and future opportunities, emphasizing the urgent requirement for standardized production methods, rigorous safety assessment, and interdisciplinary partnerships to maximize nanochitin's potential in pharmaceutical research, demonstrating the importance of chitin in drug delivery.

摘要

纳米几丁质是几丁质的纳米级形式，几丁质是一种存在于甲壳类动物、昆虫的外骨骼以及某些真菌细胞壁中的多糖，它最近在制药领域受到了广泛关注。它具有生物相容性、可生物降解性以及易于调节的表面等良好特性，使其在各种医学和制药应用中具有吸引力。纳米几丁质，从药物递送系统、伤口护理配方到疫苗佐剂和抗菌策略，已在满足各种治疗需求方面展现出强大潜力。本综述涵盖了纳米几丁质的背景，包括其提取和提纯方法以及主要的物理化学和生物学特性。它进一步讨论了用于纳米几丁质结构和功能表征的各种水解和酶促方法，并强调了对这种生物聚合物进行研究的一些制药应用。该综述还涉及毒性问题、监管事项以及大规模工业生产中的挑战。最后，它强调了新的研究途径和未来机遇，强调迫切需要标准化生产方法、严格的安全评估以及跨学科合作，以最大限度地发挥纳米几丁质在药物研究中的潜力，证明了几丁质在药物递送中的重要性。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6f0e/12114985/768eefde06d5/pharmaceutics-17-00576-g010.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6f0e/12114985/4e38cb93a9b3/pharmaceutics-17-00576-g001.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6f0e/12114985/b6f6f890fa70/pharmaceutics-17-00576-g002.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6f0e/12114985/eea07445853f/pharmaceutics-17-00576-g003.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6f0e/12114985/43181cf9a6be/pharmaceutics-17-00576-g004.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6f0e/12114985/e62bf3cf871d/pharmaceutics-17-00576-g005.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6f0e/12114985/69aa2dfc433b/pharmaceutics-17-00576-g006.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6f0e/12114985/c514a250fce1/pharmaceutics-17-00576-g007.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6f0e/12114985/f95dc8576d50/pharmaceutics-17-00576-g008.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6f0e/12114985/66829367f382/pharmaceutics-17-00576-g009.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6f0e/12114985/768eefde06d5/pharmaceutics-17-00576-g010.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6f0e/12114985/4e38cb93a9b3/pharmaceutics-17-00576-g001.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6f0e/12114985/b6f6f890fa70/pharmaceutics-17-00576-g002.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6f0e/12114985/eea07445853f/pharmaceutics-17-00576-g003.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6f0e/12114985/43181cf9a6be/pharmaceutics-17-00576-g004.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6f0e/12114985/e62bf3cf871d/pharmaceutics-17-00576-g005.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6f0e/12114985/69aa2dfc433b/pharmaceutics-17-00576-g006.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6f0e/12114985/c514a250fce1/pharmaceutics-17-00576-g007.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6f0e/12114985/f95dc8576d50/pharmaceutics-17-00576-g008.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6f0e/12114985/66829367f382/pharmaceutics-17-00576-g009.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/6f0e/12114985/768eefde06d5/pharmaceutics-17-00576-g010.jpg

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