Petrov Gleb V, Koldina Alena M, Ledenev Oleg V, Tumasov Vladimir N, Nazarov Aleksandr A, Syroeshkin Anton V
Department of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Chemistry, Medical Institute, RUDN University, 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Street, 117198 Moscow, Russia.
Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 119234 Moscow, Russia.
Pharmaceutics. 2025 May 16;17(5):655. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics17050655.
Nanoparticles (NPs) represent a unique class of structures in the modern world. In comparison to macro- and microparticles, NPs exhibit advantages due to their physicochemical properties. This has resulted in their extensive application not only in technical and engineering sciences, but also in pharmacy and medicine. A recent analysis of the scientific literature revealed that the number of articles related to the search term "nanoparticle drugs" has exceeded 65,000 in the last decade alone, according to PubMed. The growth of scientific publications on NPs and nanomaterials (NMs) in pharmacy demonstrates the rapidly developing interest of scientists in exploring alternative ways to deliver drugs, thereby improving their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, and the increased biocompatibility of many nanopharmaceuticals is a unique key to two mandatory pharmaceutical requirements-drug efficacy and safety. A comprehensive review of the literature indicates that the modern pharmaceutical industry is increasingly employing nanostructures. The exploration of their physicochemical properties with a subsequent modern approach to quality control remains the main task of modern pharmaceutical chemistry. The primary objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of data on NPs, their physicochemical properties, and modern approaches to their synthesis, modification of their surface, and application in pharmacy.
纳米颗粒（NPs）是现代世界中一类独特的结构。与宏观和微观颗粒相比，纳米颗粒因其物理化学性质而具有优势。这使得它们不仅在技术和工程科学领域，而且在药学和医学领域都得到了广泛应用。最近对科学文献的分析表明，仅在过去十年中，根据PubMed的数据，与搜索词“纳米颗粒药物”相关的文章数量就已超过65000篇。药学领域关于纳米颗粒和纳米材料（NMs）的科学出版物的增长表明，科学家们对探索药物递送的替代方法的兴趣迅速增长，从而改善药物的药代动力学和药效学性质，并且许多纳米药物生物相容性的提高是满足药物疗效和安全性这两个强制性药学要求的独特关键。对文献的全面综述表明，现代制药行业越来越多地采用纳米结构。利用后续现代质量控制方法探索其物理化学性质仍然是现代药物化学的主要任务。本综述的主要目的是全面概述有关纳米颗粒的数据、其物理化学性质以及其合成、表面修饰和在药学中的应用的现代方法。
