Kreimeyer Henriette, Sydor Svenja, Buchholz Lara, Toskal Cagatay, Özcürümez Mustafa, Schnabl Bernd, Syn Wing-Kin, Sowa Jan-Peter, Manka Paul, Canbay Ali
Department of Medicine, Knappschaft Kliniken University Hospital Bochum, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA.
Nutrients. 2025 May 9;17(10):1625. doi: 10.3390/nu17101625.
Non-alcoholic beers (NABs) are gaining popularity as alternatives to alcoholic beverages, yet their metabolic and health effects compared to no consumption of these drinks remain unclear. The investigator-blinded, single-center, randomized study compares the effects on the metabolism, health, and gut microbiome of the daily consumption of different NABs-pilsener, mixed beer, and wheat beer-on glucose and fat metabolism, body composition, and liver function in 44 healthy young men. The participants consumed 660 mL of one of these beers or water daily for 4 weeks. We measured indicators of glucose and lipid metabolism, liver enzymes, body composition, and the composition of the gut microbiota. The findings revealed that mixed beer increased fasting glucose and triglycerides, and wheat beer increased insulin, C-peptide, and triglycerides. The intake of pilsener and water decreased cholesterol and LDL levels without significantly affecting glucose metabolism. Biomarkers of liver damage such as M30 lowered in water and pilsener, while ALT and AST lowered in mixed beer. The pattern of the gut microbiota also changed, as pilsener lowered and increased . In summary, consumption of NABs, especially mixed and wheat beers, exerts an unfavorable metabolic impact on glucose and fat, while pilsener and water are more favorable from a metabolic perspective. We concluded that the metabolic alterations seen are probably due to the caloric and sugar content in NABs, rather than polyphenols. The chronic effects of NABs on health should be evaluated in future studies.
非酒精啤酒（NABs）作为酒精饮料的替代品越来越受欢迎，但其与不饮用这些饮料相比的代谢和健康影响仍不明确。这项由研究者设盲、单中心的随机研究比较了44名健康年轻男性每日饮用不同类型的非酒精啤酒（比尔森啤酒、混合啤酒和小麦啤酒）对代谢、健康和肠道微生物群的影响，涉及葡萄糖和脂肪代谢、身体成分及肝功能。参与者连续4周每天饮用660毫升这些啤酒中的一种或水。我们测量了葡萄糖和脂质代谢指标、肝酶、身体成分及肠道微生物群的组成。研究结果显示，混合啤酒会增加空腹血糖和甘油三酯，小麦啤酒会增加胰岛素、C肽和甘油三酯。饮用比尔森啤酒和水可降低胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白水平，且对葡萄糖代谢无显著影响。水和比尔森啤酒组中肝脏损伤生物标志物如M30降低，而混合啤酒组中谷丙转氨酶（ALT）和谷草转氨酶（AST）降低。肠道微生物群的模式也发生了变化，比尔森啤酒组中[此处原文缺失具体指标]降低而[此处原文缺失具体指标]增加。总之，饮用非酒精啤酒，尤其是混合啤酒和小麦啤酒，会对葡萄糖和脂肪产生不利的代谢影响，而从代谢角度来看，比尔森啤酒和水更为有利。我们得出结论，所观察到的代谢改变可能归因于非酒精啤酒中的热量和糖分含量而非多酚。非酒精啤酒对健康的长期影响应在未来研究中进行评估。
