Du Jinpeng, Liao Min, Zhang Daimo, Li Xiangnan
Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, People's Republic of China.
Department of Ultrasound, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
Int J Nanomedicine. 2025 May 22;20:6533-6549. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S507322. eCollection 2025.
Control systems play an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of medicine. In contrast to light and magnetic fields, ultrasound has received much attention due to its non-invasive, cost-effective, convenient, and high spatiotemporal precision and deep-penetration characteristics. Some studies have developed special nanomaterials for therapy by controlling the production of reactive oxygen species through ultrasound irradiation. However, the complex functionalities and toxicity issues associated with these nanomaterials limit the development of ultrasound control systems. To overcome these challenges, ultrasound control systems based on synthetic biology have been developed, especially for sonogenetics and gas vesicles. The tunable thermal and mechanical effects of ultrasound act as the main triggering source, enabling engineered cells to perform sono-thermal or sono-mechanical genetic modifications in the targeted tissue. Based on an in-depth understanding of the relationship between ultrasound effects and the design, composition, and applications of engineered cellular technologies, in this review, we focus on recent activation strategies of ultrasound for sonogenetics and gas vesicles, including sono-thermal promoter switch, sono-thermal transient receptor potential channel, sono-mechanical activation and gas vesicles. In addition, applications of these advanced ultrasound control systems for cancer therapy, neural activity, visual recovery and functional imaging are presented. Finally, we discuss the current challenges faced and provide an outlook on the future developments in this evolving field.
控制系统在医学诊断和治疗中发挥着重要作用。与光和磁场不同，超声因其无创、经济高效、便捷、高时空精度和深度穿透特性而备受关注。一些研究通过超声照射控制活性氧的产生，开发了用于治疗的特殊纳米材料。然而，这些纳米材料的复杂功能和毒性问题限制了超声控制系统的发展。为了克服这些挑战，基于合成生物学的超声控制系统已被开发出来，特别是用于声遗传学和气胞。超声的可调热效应和机械效应作为主要触发源，使工程细胞能够在目标组织中进行声热或声机械基因修饰。基于对超声效应与工程细胞技术的设计、组成和应用之间关系的深入理解，在本综述中，我们重点关注声遗传学和气胞的超声最新激活策略，包括声热启动子开关、声热瞬时受体电位通道、声机械激活和气胞。此外，还介绍了这些先进超声控制系统在癌症治疗、神经活动、视觉恢复和功能成像方面的应用。最后，我们讨论了当前面临的挑战，并对这一不断发展领域的未来发展进行了展望。
