Odubela Oluwatosin Olaseni, Peer Nasheeta, Odunukwe Nkiruka Nnonyelum, Musa Adesola Zaidat, Salako Babatunde Lawal, Kengne Andre Pascal
Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Department of Clinical Sciences, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria.
Front Public Health. 2025 May 13;13:1545676. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1545676. eCollection 2025.
The advent of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has converted HIV from a death sentence to a chronic disease. Subsequently, weight changes, including the development of overweight/obesity have been observed following ART initiation. Our study aimed to assess weight changes and the associated factors among ART-naïve people living with HIV (PLWH) following enrollment in an ART clinic in Lagos, Nigeria.
Data were collected among adult ART-naïve PLWH enrolled at a large ART clinic over 10 consecutive years. Weight changes within the first 6 months of enrolment were determined by actual and relative weight differences expressed in kilogram (kg) and percentages (%) respectively. Weight changes were classified as neutral weight change, weight gain and weight loss. Logistic regressions were applied to identify variables associated with weight changes with statistical significance set at < 0.05.
A total of 6,737 study participants had their weights available at both visits. Most study participants were females (67.2%), employed (83.3%), married (57.1%), and had normal range body mass index (53.5%). Almost half (49.5%) of the study participants gained weight, while 25.5% recorded weight loss. Baseline variables, including viral load ≥ 100,000 copies/ml, CD4 counts ≤ 200 cells/μL, WHO clinical stages 3 and 4, male gender, presence of anaemia and tuberculosis were associated with weight gain after ART initiation.
Considering the high proportion of participants that gained weight, this study highlights the importance of monitoring weight changes following ART initiation. This will facilitate the identification of PLWH at greater risk for cardiometabolic diseases and other weight-related health outcomes.
抗逆转录病毒疗法（ART）的出现已将艾滋病从死刑转变为一种慢性病。随后，在开始接受抗逆转录病毒治疗后，观察到体重变化，包括超重/肥胖的发生。我们的研究旨在评估在尼日利亚拉各斯一家抗逆转录病毒治疗诊所登记的未接受过抗逆转录病毒治疗的艾滋病毒感染者（PLWH）的体重变化及相关因素。
连续10年在一家大型抗逆转录病毒治疗诊所收集成年未接受过抗逆转录病毒治疗的艾滋病毒感染者的数据。入组后头6个月内的体重变化通过分别以千克（kg）和百分比（%）表示的实际体重差异和相对体重差异来确定。体重变化分为体重无变化、体重增加和体重减轻。应用逻辑回归来确定与体重变化相关的变量，统计学显著性设定为<0.05。
共有6737名研究参与者在两次就诊时均有体重数据。大多数研究参与者为女性（67.2%）、就业（83.3%）、已婚（57.1%），且体重指数在正常范围内（53.5%）。几乎一半（49.5%）的研究参与者体重增加，而25.5%的参与者体重减轻。基线变量，包括病毒载量≥100,000拷贝/ml、CD4细胞计数≤200个/μL、世界卫生组织临床分期3期和4期、男性、贫血和结核病的存在与开始抗逆转录病毒治疗后的体重增加有关。
鉴于体重增加的参与者比例较高，本研究强调了在开始抗逆转录病毒治疗后监测体重变化的重要性。这将有助于识别患心血管代谢疾病和其他与体重相关健康结局风险更高的艾滋病毒感染者。
