Başaran Fatma, Duru Pınar
Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Midwifery, Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University, Ağrı, Türkiye.
Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Public Health Nursing, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Türkiye.
Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2025 May 28. doi: 10.1007/s00404-025-08058-8.
Low-income level has great importance on women's reproductive health issues such as childbearing and contraceptive use.
This study aims to examine in depth the perceptions and experiences of women of low socioeconomic status regarding having children and contraceptive methods.
A phenomenological design was adopted as a qualitative research method. It was conducted with 20 women living in a city in the Eastern Anatolia Region of Türkiye, with low socioeconomic status, married, and having at least one child, between March 15, 2023, and October 18, 2023. The data obtained were analyzed using the thematic content analysis method with the assistance of the Nvivo 12 Pro software package. COREQ guidelines were followed when reporting the data.
Analysis revealed three main themes: "Experiences regarding having children," "Perceptions regarding having children," and "Perceptions and experiences of contraceptive methods." Most participants described having children as a sacred and meaningful experience yet emphasized the challenging aspects of this experience due to caregiving responsibilities and economic hardships. While the ideal number of children was generally stated as two, the actual number of children often exceeded this ideal; moreover, some women perceived the number of children as a matter of "destiny." Regarding contraceptive methods, lack of knowledge, the necessity of spousal approval, and concerns about side effects of certain methods were identified as key factors influencing participants' contraceptive choices.
The study revealed that complex emotional, relational, and social dynamics shape women's decisions regarding childbearing. Additionally, knowledge gaps play a significant role in shaping their perceptions and use of contraceptive methods.
低收入水平对妇女的生殖健康问题，如生育和避孕方法的使用，具有重要影响。
本研究旨在深入探讨社会经济地位较低的妇女在生育和避孕方法方面的观念及经历。
采用现象学设计作为定性研究方法。于2023年3月15日至2023年10月18日期间，对居住在土耳其东安纳托利亚地区某城市、社会经济地位较低、已婚且至少育有一个孩子的20名妇女进行了研究。所获数据借助Nvivo 12 Pro软件包，采用主题内容分析法进行分析。报告数据时遵循COREQ指南。
分析揭示了三个主要主题：“生育经历”、“生育观念”以及“避孕方法的观念与经历”。大多数参与者将生育描述为一种神圣且有意义的经历，但同时强调由于照料责任和经济困难，这一经历具有挑战性。虽然理想子女数通常为两个，但实际子女数往往超过这一理想数量；此外，一些妇女将子女数量视为“命运”问题。关于避孕方法，知识匮乏、配偶批准的必要性以及对某些方法副作用的担忧被确定为影响参与者避孕选择的关键因素。
该研究表明，复杂的情感、人际关系和社会动态塑造了妇女在生育方面的决策。此外，知识差距在塑造她们对避孕方法的观念和使用方面起着重要作用。
