Kuriyama Ryoko, Mullins J Michael, Skop Ahna R
Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455.
Department of Biology, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064.
Mol Biol Cell. 2025 Jul 1;36(7):re4. doi: 10.1091/mbc.E25-03-0120. Epub 2025 May 28.
The midbody (MB), a transient structure formed during cytokinesis, has evolved from a mere structural component to a complex signaling organelle with diverse functions beyond cell division. Recent studies have revealed that jettisoned MB remnants (MBR) play crucial roles in intercellular communication, influencing cell fate decisions, particularly in stem cells and cancer. MBRs act as large extracellular vesicles, transferring functional RNA and proteins that modulate cell behavior, including proliferation and cancer progression. The protein KIF23, associated with MBs, is a pan-cancer marker, underscoring the clinical relevance of MB research. This review highlights the emerging significance of MBs and MBRs in cancer biology, neurobiology, and regenerative medicine, offering new avenues for diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. By reshaping our understanding of cell division and intercellular communication, these findings open exciting frontiers in cell biology with huge potential for diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
中间体（MB）是细胞分裂过程中形成的一种短暂结构，它已从一个单纯的结构成分演变成一个复杂的信号细胞器，具有超越细胞分裂的多种功能。最近的研究表明，被抛弃的中间体残余物（MBR）在细胞间通讯中发挥着关键作用，影响细胞命运决定，尤其是在干细胞和癌症中。MBR作为大型细胞外囊泡，转运调节细胞行为（包括增殖和癌症进展）的功能性RNA和蛋白质。与中间体相关的蛋白KIF23是一种泛癌标志物，突出了中间体研究的临床相关性。本综述强调了中间体和MBR在癌症生物学、神经生物学和再生医学中日益凸显的重要性，为诊断和治疗策略提供了新途径。通过重塑我们对细胞分裂和细胞间通讯的理解，这些发现为细胞生物学开辟了令人兴奋的前沿领域，在诊断和治疗应用方面具有巨大潜力。
