Holler Sophie, Cramer Holger, Liebscher Daniela, Jeitler Michael, Schumann Dania, Murthy Vijayendra, Michalsen Andreas, Kessler Christian S
Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, Evang. Kliniken Essen-Mitte, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
Front Psychol. 2021 Oct 7;12:579700. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.579700. eCollection 2021.
Numerous medical studies have documented vegetarian diets as having various health benefits. Studies have also compared vegetarians with other dietary groups from a socio-psychological perspective. The objective of this review is to investigate the differences between vegetarians and omnivores in terms of their personality profiles, values, and empathy skills. A search was conducted across three electronic databases. Non-randomized, observational, cross-sectional, and cohort studies were eligible. Outcomes provided information about the differences between the above-mentioned dietary groups regarding their personality profiles, values, and empathy skills. A shortened version of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess the risk of bias for the included studies. Of the 2,513 different studies found, 25 (total number of participants = 23,589) were ultimately included. These studies indicate that vegetarians significantly differ from omnivores in their personalities, values, and ability to be empathetic. Omnivorism is associated with an increased orientation toward social dominance, greater right-wing authoritarianism, and, in line with this, a stronger tendency to be prejudiced. Vegetarianism is associated with greater openness and empathy. The values of vegetarians are based more on universalism, hedonism, stimulation, and self-direction, whereas the values of omnivores are based more on the idea of power. To answer a narrowly defined and clear question, issues such as animal ethics, animal rights, and environmental protection are not considered in this review. The findings of this review, showing marked differences in personality correlating to the choice of diet and the increasing influence of plant-based diets on a global level, indicate that further studies about vegetarianism are warranted.
众多医学研究已证明素食对健康有诸多益处。研究还从社会心理学角度将素食者与其他饮食群体进行了比较。本综述的目的是调查素食者和杂食者在人格特征、价值观和共情能力方面的差异。我们在三个电子数据库中进行了检索。纳入标准为非随机、观察性、横断面和队列研究。研究结果提供了上述饮食群体在人格特征、价值观和共情能力方面差异的相关信息。我们使用纽卡斯尔 - 渥太华量表的简化版来评估纳入研究的偏倚风险。在找到的2513项不同研究中，最终纳入了25项（参与者总数 = 23589）。这些研究表明，素食者在人格、价值观和共情能力方面与杂食者存在显著差异。杂食主义与更强的社会主导倾向、更高的右翼威权主义相关，与此一致的是，其偏见倾向更强。素食主义与更高的开放性和共情能力相关。素食者的价值观更多地基于普遍主义、享乐主义、刺激和自我导向，而杂食者的价值观更多地基于权力观念。为了回答一个狭义且明确的问题，本综述未考虑动物伦理、动物权利和环境保护等问题。本综述的结果表明，人格与饮食选择存在显著差异，且植物性饮食在全球范围内的影响力不断增加，这表明有必要对素食主义进行进一步研究。
