Schmiedel Stefan, Wolf Timo
Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 2025 Jun;150(13):758-771. doi: 10.1055/a-2241-4173. Epub 2025 May 28.
Lassa virus, Ebola virus, Marburg virus and Crimean Congo virus, as well as much rarer viruses that cause Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers (VHF), are zoonoses. Where these viruses are endemic, they cause both individual diseases, so-called "spill-over events" with isolated human cases after transmission from their animal reservoir, as well as epidemic outbreaks with cases of disease transmitted from person to person, and often high mortality. In this article, the focus will be on VHFs with the potential for human-to-human transmission; these diseases are so-called "high-consequence infectious diseases (HCID)" with partly considerable potential for epidemic spread and the risk of nosocomial disease transmission. In some cases, other viral infections without the possibility of human-to-human transmission, such as yellow fever or dengue fever, can also be accompanied by bleeding or multi-organ failure.
拉沙病毒、埃博拉病毒、马尔堡病毒和克里米亚刚果病毒，以及其他更为罕见的引起病毒性出血热（VHF）的病毒，都是人畜共患病原。在这些病毒的地方性流行地区，它们既会引发个别疾病，即从动物宿主传播后出现的孤立人类病例，也就是所谓的“溢出事件”，也会导致人与人之间传播疾病的疫情爆发，且往往死亡率很高。在本文中，重点将放在具有人际传播潜力的病毒性出血热上；这些疾病是所谓的“高后果传染病（HCID）”，部分具有相当大的流行传播潜力和医院内疾病传播风险。在某些情况下，其他没有人际传播可能性的病毒感染，如黄热病或登革热，也可能伴有出血或多器官衰竭。
