Fhogartaigh Caoimhe Nic, Aarons Emma
Royal Free Hospital, London, UK.
Rare and Imported Pathogens Laboratory, PHE Porton, Salisbury, UK
Clin Med (Lond). 2015 Feb;15(1):61-6. doi: 10.7861/clinmedicine.15-1-61.
Viral haemorrhagic fevers (VHF) are a range of viral infections with potential to cause life-threatening illness in humans. Apart from Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever (CCHF), they are largely confined to Africa, distribution being dependent on the ecology of reservoir hosts. At present, the largest ever epidemic of Ebola virus disease (EVD or Ebola) is occurring in West Africa, raising the possibility that cases could be imported into non-endemic countries. Diagnosis and management is challenging due to the non-specificity of early symptoms, limited laboratory facilities in endemic areas, severity of disease, lack of effective therapy, strict infection control requirements and propensity to cause epidemics with secondary cases in healthcare workers.
病毒性出血热（VHF）是一系列可导致人类出现危及生命疾病的病毒感染。除克里米亚-刚果出血热（CCHF）外，它们主要局限于非洲，其分布取决于储存宿主的生态环境。目前，有史以来最大规模的埃博拉病毒病（EVD或埃博拉）疫情正在西非发生，增加了病例输入非流行国家的可能性。由于早期症状不具特异性、流行地区实验室设施有限、疾病严重程度高、缺乏有效治疗方法、严格的感染控制要求以及易在医护人员中引发二代病例的疫情，诊断和管理具有挑战性。
