Rebele Tara, Hawes Corey, Johnson Stephani, Newkirk Melanie
Department of Clinical and Preventive Nutrition Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.
Human Nutrition and Health, BASF Corporation, Florham Park, New Jersey, USA.
Nutr Clin Pract. 2025 Aug;40(4):843-852. doi: 10.1002/ncp.11323. Epub 2025 May 28.
Preterm infants, especially those born at a younger gestational age (GA), are at risk for developing bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), which can lead to longer hospitalizations, chronic pulmonary morbidity, and mortality. Vitamin D plays a role in lung and immune system development, and deficiency at birth is associated with a greater incidence of BPD among preterm infants. The purpose of this literature review was to determine the impact of vitamin D supplementation on BPD incidence among preterm infants born ≤36 weeks GA. A literature search of the PubMed, CINAHL, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar databases was conducted searching for clinical studies published since 2014 that evaluated the effect of vitamin D supplementation on BPD incidence among preterm infants ≤36 weeks GA. We identified and reviewed six clinical studies published between 2014 and 2023, including a total of 545 preterm infants born 25-34 weeks GA. Vitamin D supplementation between 800-1000 IU/day was safe and effective in significantly improving vitamin D status and significantly reducing vitamin D deficiency; however, positive findings regarding the influence of vitamin D supplementation in reducing the incidence of BPD were not consistent. More research is needed in the form of well-designed RCTs investigating the effect of vitamin D supplemented at 800-1000 IU compared with the standard 400 IU dose on the incidence of BPD as the primary outcome.
早产儿，尤其是那些孕周较小的早产儿，有发生支气管肺发育不良（BPD）的风险，这可能导致住院时间延长、慢性肺部疾病和死亡。维生素D在肺部和免疫系统发育中起作用，出生时缺乏维生素D与早产儿中BPD的发生率较高有关。这篇文献综述的目的是确定补充维生素D对孕周≤36周的早产儿BPD发生率的影响。对PubMed、CINAHL、SCOPUS和谷歌学术数据库进行了文献检索，以查找自2014年以来发表的评估补充维生素D对孕周≤36周的早产儿BPD发生率影响的临床研究。我们识别并回顾了2014年至2023年间发表的六项临床研究，包括总共545名孕周为25 - 34周的早产儿。每天补充800 - 1000国际单位的维生素D在显著改善维生素D状态和显著降低维生素D缺乏方面是安全有效的；然而，关于补充维生素D对降低BPD发生率影响的阳性结果并不一致。需要更多设计良好的随机对照试验形式的研究，以调查与标准的400国际单位剂量相比，补充800 - 1000国际单位维生素D对作为主要结局的BPD发生率的影响。
