Sadak Selenay, Aydoğdu Tığ Gözde, Uslu Bengi
Ankara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 06560, Ankara, Turkey; Ankara University, The Graduate School of Health Sciences, 06110, Ankara, Turkey.
Ankara University, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, 06100, Ankara, Turkey.
Talanta. 2025 Dec 1;295:128344. doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2025.128344. Epub 2025 May 28.
Gliadins are allergenic proteins that can pose various risks to human health and are found in high amounts in the most commonly consumed foods. Gliadin, a component of gluten, triggers oxidative stress in celiac disease. Using sensitive analytical methods, especially in foods containing high amounts of these proteins, is crucial for food safety. Aptamer-based biosensors are widely preferred in electroanalytical methods. One of the promising approaches regarding biosensors is the studies in which aptamer-based sensors are combined with molecularly imprinted polymers. The antibody-like binding and ability of MIP to distinguish between molecules increases the method's selectivity. Using a platform modified with aptamer and molecularly imprinted polymer hybrid (MIP) as a new synthetic receptor film, this study presents a selective and sensitive label-free aptasensor for detecting a food allergy gliadin. For this purpose, screen printed gold electrode was used. The electrode surface was electrochemically coated with gold nanoparticles to bind the aptamer to the surface; then the aptamer-gliadin complex was dripped onto the surface and adhered to it, then, o-phenylene diamine monomer was used to synthesize a MIP surface. Gliadin was determined by using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) in a wide range from 0.25 fg/mL to 1000 pg/mL. The developed method calculated LOD for gliadin determination as 0.011 fg/mL and LOQ as 0.034 fg/mL. The devised aptasensor was not only capable to the discrimination of the commonly found allergen compounds such as bovine serum albumin (BSA), casein, and ara-H1, but also it could detect the gliadin in spiked real samples such as gluten-free bread, crackers, cookies and brown rice cakes samples in the high recovery range of 98.1-104.6 %. The method could be a promising candidate for the sensitive determination of several allergens in food sample analysis.
醇溶蛋白是一种致敏蛋白，会对人体健康造成多种风险，且在最常食用的食物中含量很高。醇溶蛋白是麸质的一种成分，会引发乳糜泻中的氧化应激。使用灵敏的分析方法，尤其是在含有大量此类蛋白质的食品中，对食品安全至关重要。基于适配体的生物传感器在电分析方法中被广泛应用。关于生物传感器的一种有前景的方法是将基于适配体的传感器与分子印迹聚合物相结合的研究。分子印迹聚合物（MIP）类似抗体的结合能力及其区分分子的能力提高了该方法的选择性。本研究使用适配体和分子印迹聚合物杂化修饰的平台作为新型合成受体膜，提出了一种用于检测食物过敏原醇溶蛋白的选择性灵敏无标记适配体传感器。为此，使用了丝网印刷金电极。电极表面通过电化学方法涂覆金纳米颗粒，以便将适配体结合到表面；然后将适配体 - 醇溶蛋白复合物滴到表面并使其附着，接着，使用邻苯二胺单体合成MIP表面。采用差分脉冲伏安法（DPV）在0.25 fg/mL至1000 pg/mL的宽范围内测定醇溶蛋白。所开发的方法计算出醇溶蛋白测定的检测限为0.011 fg/mL，定量限为0.034 fg/mL。所设计的适配体传感器不仅能够区分常见的过敏原化合物，如牛血清白蛋白（BSA）、酪蛋白和花生Ara - H1，还能够在98.1 - 104.6%的高回收率范围内检测加标真实样品中的醇溶蛋白，这些样品包括无麸质面包、饼干、曲奇和糙米蛋糕。该方法有望成为食品样品分析中几种过敏原灵敏测定的候选方法。
