Dortey Miriam DedeAma, Abdulai Anisa, Sraku Isaac Kwame, Azumah Judith Dzifa, Anim-Baidoo Isaac, Afrane Yaw Asare
Centre for Vector-Borne Disease Research, Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana.
Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.
Sci Rep. 2025 May 29;15(1):18800. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-03066-9.
Increasing insecticide resistance in malaria vectors threatens the efficacy of current control tools, however knowledge of metabolic and cuticular mechanisms is widely lacking in Ghana. We examined the metabolic and cuticular resistance mechanisms in Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes from coastal and sahel zones of Ghana. WHO susceptibility tests and synergist assays were performed on F0 field collected An. gambiae s.l. Gene expression profiles of eight key metabolic and cuticular genes were determined using qRT-PCR. Moderate to high pyrethroid resistance (< 70%) were observed across all the sites. Piperonyl butoxide significantly increased susceptibility to pyrethroids across all sites and insecticides, implicating P450s. Gene expression analysis revealed overexpression of metabolic and cuticular resistance genes in field An. gambiae populations compared to the susceptible Kisumu strain. CYP6M2 and CYP6P3 were the most overexpressed metabolic genes in pyrethroid-resistant mosquitoes, compared to the pyrethroid susceptible mosquitoes in the coastal (FC: 122.28 and 231.86, p < 0.05) and sahel (FC: 344.955 and 716.37, p < 0.001) zones respectively. CYP4G16 (previously associated with cuticular resistance) was significantly overexpressed in only resistant mosquitoes (FC: 3.32-30.12, p < 0.05). Overexpression of metabolic and cuticular resistance genes in local malaria vectors highlights the need to intensify insecticide resistance management strategies to control malaria in Ghana.
疟疾媒介中杀虫剂抗性的增加威胁着当前控制工具的效力，然而加纳广泛缺乏关于代谢和表皮机制的知识。我们研究了来自加纳沿海和萨赫勒地区的冈比亚按蚊的代谢和表皮抗性机制。对野外采集的F0代冈比亚按蚊复合种进行了世卫组织敏感性测试和增效剂测定。使用qRT-PCR测定了八个关键代谢和表皮基因的基因表达谱。在所有地点均观察到中度至高拟除虫菊酯抗性（<70%）。胡椒基丁醚显著提高了所有地点和杀虫剂对拟除虫菊酯的敏感性，表明细胞色素P450参与其中。基因表达分析显示，与易感的基苏木品系相比，野外冈比亚按蚊种群中代谢和表皮抗性基因过表达。与沿海（倍数变化：122.28和231.86，p<0.05）和萨赫勒（倍数变化：344.955和716.37，p<0.001）地区的拟除虫菊酯敏感蚊子相比，CYP6M2和CYP6P3是拟除虫菊酯抗性蚊子中过表达最明显的代谢基因。CYP4G16（以前与表皮抗性有关）仅在抗性蚊子中显著过表达（倍数变化：3.32 - 30.12，p<0.05）。当地疟疾媒介中代谢和表皮抗性基因的过表达凸显了加强杀虫剂抗性管理策略以控制加纳疟疾的必要性。
