Şimşek Arife, Ustaoğlu Fikret, Mutlu Ekrem
Institute of Hemp Research, Ondokuz Mayıs University, 55139, Samsun, Turkey.
Department of Biology, Giresun University, Gure Campus, 28200, Giresun, Turkey.
Environ Monit Assess. 2025 May 30;197(6):699. doi: 10.1007/s10661-025-14172-6.
Water scarcity is becoming an increasing problem due to population growth and rapid urbanization. This study evaluates the water quality of Kirazlı Stream, located in the Kastamonu Province, in Turkey's Western Black Sea Region. To determine its suitability for regional use, samples were collected from 12 stations over 12 months between December 2021 and November 2022. A total of 24 physicochemical parameters were analyzed. Water quality classifications were assigned based on threshold values from the European Union (EU), World Health Organization (WHO), and Turkey's Surface Water Quality Regulation (TSWQR). The results revealed that Kirazlı Stream, categorized as Class I water quality, is suitable for use. The order of the mean values of cations were as follows: Na > Ca > Mg > K (39.14, 14.09, 12.45, and 5.95; mg/L), and order of anions: SO₄ > Cl > NO₃ > PO₄ (34.66, 7.48, 1.72, and 0.02; mg/L). Indices such as WQI (weighted arithmetic water quality index), HEI, HPI, and ERI indicated excellent to good water quality, whereas SAR and Na% indices supported its usability for irrigation purposes. However, the MH index suggested unsuitability for irrigation. Moreover, 25% of the sampling points met irrigation standards in terms of KR, while 75% did not. Potential health risks for both adults and children were below the threshold (HI < 1). Statistical approaches, including Spearman correlation, PCA and HCA, were employed to assess the physicochemical datasets representing water quality. This study is the first study conducted in the region to evaluate the water quality of the Kirazlı Stream and is an important reference for optimizing resource use and promoting sustainable water management.
由于人口增长和快速城市化，水资源短缺正成为一个日益严重的问题。本研究评估了位于土耳其西部黑海地区卡斯塔莫努省的基拉兹利溪的水质。为确定其是否适合区域使用，于2021年12月至2022年11月期间的12个月内从12个站点采集了样本。共分析了24个理化参数。根据欧盟（EU）、世界卫生组织（WHO）和土耳其地表水水质法规（TSWQR）的阈值进行水质分类。结果显示，基拉兹利溪被归类为一类水质，适合使用。阳离子平均值的顺序如下：Na ＞Ca ＞Mg＞K（39.14、14.09、12.45和5.95；mg/L），阴离子顺序为：SO₄ ＞Cl ＞NO₃ ＞PO₄（34.66、7.48、1.72和0.02；mg/L）。诸如WQI（加权算术水质指数）、HEI、HPI和ERI等指数表明水质优良至良好，而SAR和Na%指数支持其用于灌溉目的的可用性。然而，MH指数表明其不适合灌溉。此外，25%的采样点在KR方面符合灌溉标准，而75%不符合。成人和儿童的潜在健康风险均低于阈值（HI＜1）。采用了包括Spearman相关性、PCA和HCA在内的统计方法来评估代表水质的理化数据集。本研究是该地区首次对基拉兹利溪水质进行评估的研究，是优化资源利用和促进可持续水资源管理的重要参考。
