Das Subhayan, Ganguly Shayeri Chatterjee, Bera Shiuli, Kundu Moumita
Department of Allied Health Sciences, Brainware University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Brainware University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
Discov Oncol. 2025 May 30;16(1):954. doi: 10.1007/s12672-025-02763-1.
Prostate cancer is the second leading malignancy in males. Prostate cancer can be easily curable if it is diagnosed at an early stage. The prognosis of patients with metastatic or resistant cases can also be improved if adequately characterized with biomarkers. Prognostic and predictive biomarkers are crucial for the prediction of therapeutic response of prostate cancer patients. This article discusses various diagnostic, predictive, and prognostic biomarkers for this cancer. It also highlights the limitations of existing biomarkers and the challenges in novel biomarker discovery for prostate cancer. Moreover, this article emphasizes the application of genomics and epigenomics to discover novel prostate cancer biomarkers. Recent research to explore potential biomarkers for this disease has been reviewed here. Understanding the tumor immune microenvironment is vital for adequately diagnosing tumor tissues and predicting prognosis and therapeutic outcomes. Immune checkpoint markers are also discussed here. The current status of tumor microenvironment-based research for biomarker discovery has been explained in this article, highlighting its potential for novel biomarkers that can be employed in clinical settings.
前列腺癌是男性中第二大常见恶性肿瘤。如果在早期阶段被诊断出来，前列腺癌很容易治愈。如果能够通过生物标志物对转移性或耐药性病例进行充分特征化，这些患者的预后也可以得到改善。预后和预测性生物标志物对于预测前列腺癌患者的治疗反应至关重要。本文讨论了针对这种癌症的各种诊断、预测和预后生物标志物。它还强调了现有生物标志物的局限性以及前列腺癌新型生物标志物发现面临的挑战。此外，本文强调了基因组学和表观基因组学在发现新型前列腺癌生物标志物方面的应用。这里回顾了探索该疾病潜在生物标志物的最新研究。了解肿瘤免疫微环境对于充分诊断肿瘤组织以及预测预后和治疗结果至关重要。本文还讨论了免疫检查点标志物。本文解释了基于肿瘤微环境的生物标志物发现研究的现状，突出了其在临床环境中可应用的新型生物标志物的潜力。
