Xie Yumei, Liu Jieyu, Zheng Keyuan, Chen Yuan, Zhu Mulan
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, 201602, China.
National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics (NKLPMG), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.
Sci Rep. 2025 May 30;15(1):19093. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-03598-0.
In this study, the hypocotyls of quinoa (cultivar 'Qingqua I') were used as the initial explants. The effects of plant growth regulators (PGRs) on induction of quinoa hypocotyl callus, adventitious shoots, and their elongation were investigated. The surface sterilization of seeds was conducted through sequential immersion in 75% (v/v) ethanol and 10% (v/v) sodium hypochlorite solution. The influence of proline concentrations for texture of callus, and macroelement levels of Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium for overcoming premature senescence of shoots were explored. The highest induction of callus (97.78 ± 1.92%) was observed in presence of 0.2 mg/L 6-benzyl adenine (BA) and 2 mg/L 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) in MS medium. The highest densities of callus (0.42 ± 0.006 g/cm) were achieved on MS medium containing from 1 mg/L BA, 0.1 mg/L NAA, and 0.2 g/L proline, which was optimum for induction of adventitious shoots, exhibiting the highest rate of adventitious shoot regeneration of 89.63 ± 2.67% and the highest adventitious shoot number of 40.50 ± 0.74. The best medium for overcoming the premature senescence of shoots was the medium with triple macronutrients (3MS) of 0.1 mg/L BA and 0.01 mg/L NAA. The exhibited a premature senescence rate of only 8.15 ± 1.09%, an elongation rate of 88.76 ± 1.14% of adventitious shoots, mean height of shoot per explant was 6.85 ± 0.02 cm, robust shoots and tender green leaves. For rooting, the best medium was the one which contained 0.6 mg/L indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), in which rooting was observed after 9.0 ± 0.3 d of rooting d, 98.52 ± 0.75% of rooting rate, and 16.90 ± 0.38 mean number of roots per explant were achieved. For the first time, we have overcome the challenge of premature senescence in quinoa, and this can be useful for other species.
在本研究中，藜麦（品种‘青藜一号’）的下胚轴被用作起始外植体。研究了植物生长调节剂（PGRs）对藜麦下胚轴愈伤组织诱导、不定芽诱导及其伸长的影响。种子的表面消毒通过依次浸泡在75%（v/v）乙醇和10%（v/v）次氯酸钠溶液中进行。探讨了脯氨酸浓度对愈伤组织质地的影响，以及Murashige和Skoog（MS）培养基的大量元素水平对克服芽过早衰老的影响。在MS培养基中添加0.2 mg/L 6-苄基腺嘌呤（BA）和2 mg/L 1-萘乙酸（NAA）时，观察到愈伤组织诱导率最高（97.78 ± 1.92%）。在含有1 mg/L BA、0.1 mg/L NAA和0.2 g/L脯氨酸的MS培养基上，愈伤组织密度最高（0.42 ± 0.006 g/cm），这是不定芽诱导的最佳培养基，不定芽再生率最高，为89.63 ± 2.67%，不定芽数量最多，为40.50 ± 0.74。克服芽过早衰老的最佳培养基是添加0.1 mg/L BA和0.01 mg/L NAA的三倍大量元素（3MS）培养基。该培养基的芽过早衰老率仅为8.15 ± 1.09%，不定芽伸长率为88.76 ± 1.14%，每个外植体的芽平均高度为6.85 ± 0.02 cm，芽健壮，叶片嫩绿。对于生根，最佳培养基是含有0.6 mg/L吲哚-3-丁酸（IBA）的培养基，在该培养基中，生根9.0 ± 0.3 d后观察到生根情况，生根率为98.52 ± 0.75%，每个外植体的平均根数为16.90 ± 0.38。我们首次克服了藜麦过早衰老的挑战，这对其他物种可能有用。
