Khizar Rana Zain, Baig Farrukh, Naeem-Ullah Unsar, Iqbal Naeem, Hussain Abid
Institute of Plant Protection, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan.
Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan.
Parasitol Res. 2025 Jul 5;124(7):78. doi: 10.1007/s00436-025-08502-3.
Aedes aegypti, the primary vector of viruses such as dengue, chikungunya, and yellow fever, poses a global health challenge. Traditional vector control strategies predominantly rely on broad-spectrum insecticides, which not only contribute to development of resistance in mosquitoes but also pose significant risks to non-target organisms and the environment. Here, we assessed the potential of cigarette butt (CB) extract for the management of A. aegypti population. Globally, 4.5 trillion CBs are being wasted annually, which is expected to rise to nine trillion by 2025. So, repurposing this waste for vector control offers an innovative approach. This study evaluated the potential of CB extract to deter ovipositing females and to assess larval mortality of A. aegypti using three concentrations of CB extract (1 CB, 2 CBs, and 3 CBs) against a control (water only). Our results revealed that highest concentration (3 CBs) significantly repelled the egg-laying females and resulted in 100% mortality of younger mosquito larvae (1st and 2nd instars) within 24 h of exposure, whereas complete mortality in mature larvae (3rd and 4th instars) was observed within 48 h of exposure. GC-MS analysis of CB extracts, using acetone and methanol as solvents, revealed both qualitative and quantitative differences in the chemical composition. Identified compounds include nicotine, phthalic acid, terephthalic acid, and acetonyl dimethyl carbinol. This study presents an innovative solution for recycling cigarette butt waste to control A. aegypti population at both adult and larval stages and highlights the potential to utilize CB waste into integrated vector management programs.
埃及伊蚊是登革热、基孔肯雅热和黄热病等病毒的主要传播媒介，对全球健康构成挑战。传统的病媒控制策略主要依赖广谱杀虫剂，这不仅会导致蚊子产生抗药性，还会对非目标生物和环境构成重大风险。在此，我们评估了烟蒂提取物对埃及伊蚊种群的控制潜力。全球每年有4.5万亿个烟蒂被浪费，预计到2025年将增至9万亿个。因此，将这种废物重新用于病媒控制提供了一种创新方法。本研究使用三种浓度的烟蒂提取物（1个烟蒂、2个烟蒂和3个烟蒂）与对照组（仅用水）来评估烟蒂提取物阻止雌蚊产卵和评估埃及伊蚊幼虫死亡率的潜力。我们的结果显示，最高浓度（3个烟蒂）能显著驱避产卵雌蚊，并在暴露24小时内导致较年轻的蚊幼虫（1龄和2龄）100%死亡，而在暴露48小时内观察到成熟幼虫（3龄和4龄）全部死亡。以丙酮和甲醇为溶剂对烟蒂提取物进行气相色谱-质谱分析，揭示了化学成分在定性和定量上的差异。鉴定出的化合物包括尼古丁、邻苯二甲酸、对苯二甲酸和丙酮基二甲基甲醇。本研究提出了一种创新解决方案，即将烟蒂废物回收利用，以在成虫和幼虫阶段控制埃及伊蚊种群，并突出了将烟蒂废物用于综合病媒管理计划的潜力。
