Fathi Shaheen Mohamed Nasr, Ahmed Nehal Ismail, Elmahdy Elmahdy Mohamed
Environmental Virology Laboratory, Department of Water Pollution Research, Environment and Climate Change Research Institute, National Research Centre, 12622 Dokki, Cairo, Egypt E-mail:
Environmental Virology Laboratory, Department of Water Pollution Research, Environment and Climate Change Research Institute, National Research Centre, 12622 Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
J Water Health. 2025 May;23(5):587-601. doi: 10.2166/wh.2025.324. Epub 2025 May 6.
The majority of people with enterically transmitted viruses excrete significant amounts of the virus in their feces for several days or weeks. Therefore, viruses causing diarrhea could be detected in the feces of infected persons and wastewater. In this study, the presence of human astrovirus (AstV), norovirus (NoV), rotavirus (RV), and enterovirus (EntV) was analyzed by real-time RT-PCR in raw sewage ( = 96), treated sewage ( = 96) and diarrheal stool samples ( = 200). Overall, 92.7% (89/96) of raw sewage samples and 48% (46/96) of treated sewage tested positive for at least one virus. The highest detection rates of the four viruses in raw sewage were observed in the winter season. Overall, the mean concentration of the four viruses was 7.3 log in raw and 4.8 log in treated wastewater, for a total removal of 34% of viral loads. In clinical samples, the most commonly detected virus was EntV followed by RV, NoV, and AstV. The mean concentrations of the four viruses in clinical samples ranged between 2.5 × 10 and 9.86 × 10 GC/g. The results presented here demonstrated that the environmental surveillance of entric viruses in sewage is a useful tool for the study of their transmission dynamics in humans and their molecular epidemiology.
大多数肠道传播病毒感染者会在数天或数周内通过粪便排出大量病毒。因此，可在感染者粪便和废水中检测到导致腹泻的病毒。在本研究中，采用实时逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）对96份原污水样本、96份处理后污水样本和200份腹泻粪便样本进行分析，以检测人星状病毒（AstV）、诺如病毒（NoV）、轮状病毒（RV）和肠道病毒（EntV）的存在情况。总体而言，92.7%（89/96）的原污水样本和48%（46/96）的处理后污水样本至少检测出一种病毒呈阳性。在冬季观察到原污水中这四种病毒的检出率最高。总体而言，这四种病毒在原污水中的平均浓度为7.3 log，在处理后的污水中为4.8 log，病毒载量总共去除了34%。在临床样本中，最常检测到的病毒是EntV，其次是RV、NoV和AstV。临床样本中这四种病毒的平均浓度在2.5×10至9.86×10基因组拷贝数/克之间。此处呈现的结果表明，对污水中肠道病毒进行环境监测是研究其在人群中传播动态及其分子流行病学的有用工具。
