Zhang Yangwan, He Yihao, Zhu Xueyan, Liu Yang, Cao Changyu
College of Animal Science and Technology, Foshan University, Foshan Guangdong 528225, China.
Quality Control Technical Center (Foshan) of National Famous and Special Agricultural Products (CAQS-GAP-KZZX043), College of Food Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan Guangdong 528225, China.
Poult Sci. 2025 May 28;104(8):105356. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2025.105356.
Fumonisin B (FB) is a common mycotoxin, which is a water-soluble metabolite produced through the metabolism of Fusarium verticillioides and Fusarium proliferator. Crops and feedstuffs are widely contaminated by FB from the environment, posing risks to livestock and human health. Currently, there is no therapeutic approach available for FB intoxication. Allicin, an organic sulfur compound extracted from garlic, exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, and intestinal regulatory properties. However, investigations into allicin's role in alleviating FB-induced quail nephrotoxicity remain relatively limited. This study thus aimed to elucidate the mechanisms by which allicin exerts a protective effect against FB-induced kidney injury in juvenile quails. A total of 150 juvenile quails were randomly divided into five groups and treated with varying allicin concentrations (0, 50, 100, 500, and 1000 mg/kg) for 8 weeks. The blood and kidney tissues were subsequently screened using serum biochemical indices and histological staining, which suggested that 500 mg/kg of allicin was the optimal concentration that exerts protection to the quail kidneys. Another 120 juvenile quail were randomly divided into four groups (n = 30): control, allicin, FB, and allicin+FB. The pathological changes in kidney tissues induced by FB and genes associated with nuclear xenobiotic receptors (NXRs), inflammation, fibrosis, and mitochondrial damage were evaluated after 8 weeks. FB triggered kidney fibrosis and mitochondrial injury by activating the NF-κB signaling pathway, modulating NXR expression, and regulating corresponding CYP450 subtypes, which culminated in pathological injury to kidney tissues. Notably, allicin alleviated FB-induced kidney injury in quails, possibly by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway, fibrosis, and mitochondrial damage, suggesting the potential application of allicin in preventing FB-induced toxicity in quail.
伏马菌素B（FB）是一种常见的霉菌毒素，是轮枝镰孢菌和层出镰孢菌代谢产生的水溶性代谢产物。农作物和饲料广泛受到环境中FB的污染，对家畜和人类健康构成风险。目前，尚无针对FB中毒的治疗方法。大蒜素是一种从大蒜中提取的有机硫化合物，具有抗炎、抗氧化、抗菌、保肝、护心和肠道调节特性。然而，关于大蒜素在减轻FB诱导的鹌鹑肾毒性方面作用的研究仍然相对有限。因此，本研究旨在阐明大蒜素对幼年鹌鹑FB诱导的肾损伤发挥保护作用的机制。总共150只幼年鹌鹑被随机分为五组，用不同浓度（0、50、100、500和1000mg/kg）的大蒜素处理8周。随后使用血清生化指标和组织学染色对血液和肾脏组织进行筛查，结果表明500mg/kg的大蒜素是对鹌鹑肾脏发挥保护作用的最佳浓度。另外120只幼年鹌鹑被随机分为四组（n = 30）：对照组、大蒜素组、FB组和大蒜素+FB组。8周后评估FB诱导的肾脏组织病理变化以及与核异生素受体（NXRs）、炎症、纤维化和线粒体损伤相关的基因。FB通过激活NF-κB信号通路、调节NXR表达和调控相应的CYP450亚型引发肾脏纤维化和线粒体损伤，最终导致肾脏组织的病理损伤。值得注意的是，大蒜素减轻了FB诱导的鹌鹑肾损伤，可能是通过抑制NF-κB途径、纤维化和线粒体损伤实现的，这表明大蒜素在预防鹌鹑FB诱导的毒性方面具有潜在应用价值。
