非编码RNA在罕见妇科癌症中的作用。

The role of noncoding RNAs in rare gynecological cancers.

作者信息

Zhang Le, Chen Xiujuan, Zhang Yanbing, Wang Saren, Sun Hailong

机构信息

Center for Reproductive Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010050, Inner Mongolia, China.

出版信息

Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer. 2025 Sep;1880(4):189362. doi: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2025.189362. Epub 2025 May 30.

DOI:10.1016/j.bbcan.2025.189362

PMID:40451392

Abstract

Gynecological cancers are cancers that begin in the female reproductive organs. Gynecological cancer is the second most common cancer type among women and has become a global health burden for the female population. More than 50 % of all gynecological cancers can be defined as rare cancers. Three main types of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), namely, microRNAs (miRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs), play crucial regulatory roles in physiological and pathological processes. Increasing evidence has revealed that ncRNAs closely participate in gynecological cancers. In this review, we focus on the role of ncRNAs in rare gynecological cancers. We first introduce the definitions, classifications, epidemiological characteristics, prognoses and treatments of rare gynecological cancers. Next, we summarize the differentially expressed ncRNAs and the molecular mechanisms underlying ncRNA connections to tumorigenesis, metastasis, chemoresistance, and recurrence. Finally, we highlight the potential applications of ncRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

摘要

妇科癌症是起源于女性生殖器官的癌症。妇科癌症是女性中第二常见的癌症类型，已成为全球女性人口的健康负担。所有妇科癌症中超过50%可被定义为罕见癌症。三种主要类型的非编码RNA（ncRNA），即微小RNA（miRNA）、长链非编码RNA（lncRNA）和环状RNA（circRNA），在生理和病理过程中发挥着关键的调控作用。越来越多的证据表明，ncRNA密切参与妇科癌症。在本综述中，我们聚焦于ncRNA在罕见妇科癌症中的作用。我们首先介绍罕见妇科癌症的定义、分类、流行病学特征、预后和治疗。接下来，我们总结差异表达的ncRNA以及ncRNA与肿瘤发生、转移、化疗耐药和复发相关的分子机制。最后，我们强调ncRNA作为诊断和预后生物标志物及治疗靶点的潜在应用。