Regulatory roles of ncRNAs in gastric cancer progression: a comprehensive insight into key signaling pathways.

Gastric cancer (GC) is among the most prevalent cancers in the world. Although therapeutic advancements have been made, the prognosis and management of GC remain poor, making it crucial to further investigate the mechanisms underlying GC progression. One of the key mechanisms driving GC progression is signaling pathway disruption. Among these, the Wnt, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, and MAPK signaling pathways are notably involved in tumor progression. These pathways are influenced by non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs). Recent studies highlight the significant role of these ncRNAs in the dysregulation of signaling pathways. The altered expression of these ncRNAs has been linked to GC progression, highlighting their potential as diagnostic and therapeutic targets. Insights into their role in GC development may lead to new strategies for overcoming the limitations of current therapies. This review focuses on the regulatory roles of ncRNAs in key signaling pathways involved in GC pathogenesis, exploring their potential for advancing diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.