Naseem Aniqa, Alneghery Lina M, Al-Zharani Mohammed, Nasr Fahd A, Jawad Syeda Sarah, Umer Muhammad, Sayyed Riyaz, Ilyas Noshin
Department of Botany, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
Biology Department, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia.
Int J Pharm. 2025 Jul 25;680:125791. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.125791. Epub 2025 May 31.
Pharmaceutical pollution increases day by day and poses a serious threat to the environment and organisms' health. Though the concentration of pharmaceutical pollutants in the environment is low, continuous release and long-term exposure make them a significant threat to both terrestrial and aquatic environments. Pharmaceutical pollutants are found in soil, surface water, groundwater, sewage water, wastewater and even in drinking water. Pharmaceutical pollutants cause adverse effects on non-target organisms including development abnormalities, reduced rate of reproduction and antibiotic resistance. The main sources of pharmaceutical pollutants are wastewater and manure from aquaculture and livestock which are used as a source of fertilizer. Plants, along with microorganisms, play an important role in the degradation of pharmaceutical pollutants. There is little research on the acquisition, accumulation and mechanism of degradation of pharmaceutical pollutants within plant tissues. Study shows the positive and negative impact of pharmaceutical pollutants on plants. This review provides insight into the many bioremediation techniques along with their merits and demerits for the eradication of toxic and ecotoxicological effects of pharmaceutical pollutants on the environment and organism health. The bioremediation techniques, among other techniques described in this paper, are the triple bottom line,economic, environmental and social benefits.
药物污染日益严重，对环境和生物体健康构成严重威胁。尽管环境中药物污染物的浓度较低，但持续释放和长期暴露使其对陆地和水生环境都构成重大威胁。在土壤、地表水、地下水、污水、废水甚至饮用水中都能发现药物污染物。药物污染物会对非靶标生物产生不利影响，包括发育异常、繁殖率降低和抗生素耐药性。药物污染物的主要来源是用作肥料的水产养殖和畜牧业废水及粪便。植物与微生物一起，在药物污染物的降解中发挥着重要作用。关于植物组织内药物污染物的获取、积累和降解机制的研究很少。研究表明了药物污染物对植物的正负影响。本综述深入探讨了多种生物修复技术及其优缺点，这些技术可消除药物污染物对环境和生物体健康的毒性及生态毒理学影响。本文所述的生物修复技术以及其他技术，遵循三重底线原则，即具有经济、环境和社会效益。
