Arsenijević Boban, Milosavljević Stefan, Simonović Marko
University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
Morphology (Dordr). 2025;35(2):271-304. doi: 10.1007/s11525-025-09440-7. Epub 2025 May 16.
We argue that secondary imperfectivisation in Serbo-Croatian (and possibly in Slavic more generally) is a procedure whereby a new verb is derived from a perfective verb, i.e., the perfective verb gets reverbalised. This operation takes a perfective verb, that is, a verbal structure including an aspectual projection that restricts its interpretation aspectually (but also adds some lexical semantic content) and turns it into a bare P. The new verb preserves the conceptually enriched semantics, but not the structurally derived aspectual restriction, which gets overwritten by the newly projected category. The inner aspect of the verb is thus reset to the unvalued, i.e., aspectually unrestricted default. The verb gets interpreted as imperfective by scalar implicature: had the speaker intended the perfective interpretation, they would have used the more specific and computationally cheaper expression involving the perfective verb. On the morphophonological side, assuming with a host of literature that the verbal category is realised by theme vowels (Spyropoulos et al., 2015 and Panagiotidis et al., 2017 for Greek, Svenonius, 2004a for Russian, Jabłońska, 2004, 2007 for Polish, Biskup, 2019 for Czech, Milosavljević & Arsenijević, 2022 for Serbo-Croatian), imperfectivisation amounts to stacking theme vowels. Support for the view comes from Simonović et al. (2023), who arrive at the same conclusion on morphophonological grounds.
我们认为,塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语(可能更广泛地说在斯拉夫语中)的二次未完成体化是一种从完成体动词派生出新动词的过程,即完成体动词被重新动词化。这个操作以一个完成体动词为基础,也就是说,一个包含体貌投射的动词结构,该投射在体貌上限制其解释(但也增加了一些词汇语义内容),并将其转变为一个光秃秃的P。新动词保留了概念上丰富的语义,但没有保留结构上派生的体貌限制,后者被新投射的范畴覆盖。因此,动词的内部体貌被重置为未赋值的,即体貌上不受限制的默认值。通过等级含义,该动词被解释为未完成体:如果说话者想要表达完成体的解释,他们会使用涉及完成体动词的更具体且计算成本更低的表达。在形态音位方面,假设众多文献的观点,即动词范畴由主题元音实现(Spyropoulos等人,2015年以及Panagiotidis等人,2017年关于希腊语,Svenonius,2004a年关于俄语,Jabłońska,2004年、2007年关于波兰语,Biskup,2019年关于捷克语,Milosavljević & Arsenijević,2022年关于塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语),未完成体化相当于堆叠主题元音。对这一观点的支持来自Simonović等人(2023年),他们基于形态音位的理由得出了相同的结论。