Madden Carol J, Zwaan Rolf A
Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-1270, USA.
Mem Cognit. 2003 Jul;31(5):663-72. doi: 10.3758/bf03196106.
We investigated the relative contribution of perfective and imperfective aspectual cues on situation models. In Experiment 1, participants were more likely to choose pictures showing completed events than pictures showing ongoing events when they had read perfective sentences, but chose either picture after reading imperfective sentences. In Experiment 2, only one picture was presented and participants were faster to respond to completed pictures than to ongoing pictures when they had read perfective sentences, but showed no latency differences after reading the imperfective sentences. In Experiment 3, participants were faster to read perfective sentences after having seen completed pictures rather than intermediate pictures, but there was no difference for imperfective sentences. The consistent pattern of results demonstrates that readers construct mental representations of completed events when the perfective aspect is used to describe an event. The lack of effect on imperfective sentences and pictures suggests that each reader represents an in-progress event at varying stages of completion.
我们研究了完成体和未完成体的体貌线索对情境模型的相对贡献。在实验1中，当参与者阅读完成体句子时，他们更有可能选择展示已完成事件的图片，而不是展示正在进行事件的图片，但在阅读未完成体句子后则会选择任意一种图片。在实验2中，只呈现了一张图片，当参与者阅读完成体句子时，他们对已完成图片的反应比对正在进行图片的反应更快，但在阅读未完成体句子后没有反应潜伏期差异。在实验3中，参与者在看到已完成图片而不是中间图片后，阅读完成体句子的速度更快，但对未完成体句子则没有差异。结果的一致模式表明，当使用完成体来描述一个事件时，读者会构建已完成事件的心理表征。对未完成体句子和图片缺乏影响表明，每个读者在不同的完成阶段表征一个正在进行的事件。
