Ghiasi Behzad, Aslani Zohreh Hashemi, Alisoltani Tarkan
Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
Sci Rep. 2025 Jun 2;15(1):19254. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-03919-3.
Iran is experiencing an escalating freshwater crisis due to factors such as population growth, drought, and inadequate water resource management. Atmospheric water, which is six times the volume of all global rivers, presents an untapped potential. This study assesses Iran's potential for fog water harvesting (FWH) by analyzing atmospheric conditions-including relative humidity, fog density, and frequency-along with technical feasibility and a cost-benefit analysis. Data from 120 synoptic stations identified regions with high fog water potential, notably the southern areas, exhibiting yields up to 65 L/m/day, and northern and eastern regions with potentials between 25 and 45 L/m/day. Compared to similar global projects, Iran's relative humidity (78%-96%) and the cost of fog water harvesting ($0.25/m) demonstrate superior feasibility over desalination ($0.6/m). Additionally, this study highlights the importance of fog type (e.g., advection vs. upslope) and region-specific limitations that may impact implementation. Sustainability considerations-economic, environmental, and social-are addressed, alongside proposed pilot areas such as Kish and Chabahar. Fog water harvesting is positioned as a promising supplement to Iran's national water strategy.
由于人口增长、干旱和水资源管理不善等因素，伊朗正经历着日益严重的淡水危机。大气水的体积是全球所有河流总和的六倍，具有尚未开发的潜力。本研究通过分析大气条件（包括相对湿度、雾密度和频率）以及技术可行性和成本效益分析，评估了伊朗雾水收集（FWH）的潜力。来自120个气象站的数据确定了雾水潜力高的地区，特别是南部地区，产量高达65升/平方米/天，北部和东部地区的潜力在25至45升/平方米/天之间。与全球类似项目相比，伊朗的相对湿度（78%-96%）和雾水收集成本（0.25美元/立方米）显示出比海水淡化（0.6美元/立方米）更高的可行性。此外，本研究强调了雾的类型（如平流雾与上坡雾）以及可能影响实施的特定区域限制的重要性。研究还探讨了可持续性方面的考虑因素——经济、环境和社会因素，并提出了如基什和恰巴哈尔等试点地区。雾水收集被视为伊朗国家水资源战略的一个有前景的补充。
