Lanka Tiruganesh, Chaturvedi Divya, Bhavani M V L, Kumar Arvind
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, SRM University-AP, Amaravati, 522 240, India.
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of Information Technology Pune, Pune, Maharashtra, 411041, India.
Sci Rep. 2025 Jun 2;15(1):19332. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-99102-9.
This article introduces a near-field microwave sensor based on a monopole antenna for breast tumor detection. The designed antenna operates at 2 GHz and is miniaturized by 37% through the etching of two pairs of rectangular slots along its edges, achieving a compact footprint of 0.28λ × 0.42λ (where λ is the guided wavelength at 2 GHz). To enhance gain, a partially reflective surface (PRS) is positioned behind the radiating monopole, increasing the antenna gain from 2.15 to 7 dBi. The monopole antenna is fabricated using Rogers RT5880 (0.787 mm thickness), while the PRS is made from Rogers TMM13i (3.8 mm thickness). The proposed antenna exhibits high radiation efficiency (95-99%) across the 1.9-2.1 GHz bandwidth. A 3D artificial female breast equivalent phantom is developed to evaluate the sensor's performance. The PRS-enabled antenna is analyzed in terms of reflected and transmitted power variations at different distances from the phantom. Simulation and experimental results confirm that integrating PRS improves the sensor's sensitivity and its ability to differentiate between healthy and malignant tissues. Furthermore, specific absorption rate (SAR) analysis indicates that an input power of 50 mW meets SAR safety standards. The proposed antenna is compact, simple, and a safer alternative to X-rays, providing a portable solution for effective breast tumor detection.
本文介绍了一种基于单极天线的近场微波传感器，用于乳腺肿瘤检测。所设计的天线工作在2GHz，通过在其边缘蚀刻两对矩形槽，尺寸缩小了37%，实现了0.28λ×0.42λ的紧凑尺寸（其中λ是2GHz时的导波波长）。为了提高增益，在辐射单极天线后面放置了一个部分反射面（PRS），使天线增益从2.15dBi提高到7dBi。单极天线采用Rogers RT5880（厚度0.787mm）制作，而PRS由Rogers TMM13i（厚度3.8mm）制成。所提出的天线在1.9 - 2.1GHz带宽内具有较高的辐射效率（95 - 99%）。开发了一个三维人工女性乳腺等效模型来评估传感器的性能。对带有PRS的天线在距模型不同距离处的反射和传输功率变化进行了分析。仿真和实验结果证实，集成PRS提高了传感器的灵敏度及其区分健康组织和恶性组织的能力。此外，比吸收率（SAR）分析表明，50mW的输入功率符合SAR安全标准。所提出的天线紧凑、简单，是X射线的更安全替代方案，为有效的乳腺肿瘤检测提供了一种便携式解决方案。
