Singh Aparna, Dwivedi R K, Singh Vinod Kumar, Sharma Manish, Sharma Kanhaiya, Yilmaz Bulent
Department of Physics, School of Basic Sciences, Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Department of Electrical Engineering, S.R. Group of Institutions, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India.
PLoS One. 2025 Apr 17;20(4):e0320806. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0320806. eCollection 2025.
With refinements in electromagnetics, diverse medical applications have evolved to detect diseases efficaciously. Breast cancer, a dominant cause of mortality among women worldwide, necessitates early diagnosis and screening for timely medical intervention. This research establishes the design, simulation, and analysis of an advanced triangular slotted circular flexible Ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna optimized for breast cancer detection and healthcare monitoring. The proposed antenna employs an extensive frequency range of 2.95 GHz to 24.2 GHz, accomplishing an impressive impedance bandwidth of 156%. It authenticates directional and omnidirectional radiation patterns with compact dimensions of 46.3 × 52.6 × 1.076 mm³. Key aspects divulge a resonance frequency at 14.35 GHz with a significant input reflection coefficient of -37.8 dB. The antenna achieves a peak gain of 3.16 dB at 5.8 GHz, with efficiencies of 59.56% and 66.88% at 5.8 GHz and 4.48 GHz, respectively. A meticulous case study involving SAR evaluation confirms the antenna's safe exposure levels. For a flat human phantom, SAR values are 0.774 W/kg at 13.5 GHz and 0.712 W/kg at 14.35 GHz for 10 gm of tissue. For the breast phantom model, SAR values are 0.201 W/kg at 11.4 GHz and 0.152 W/kg at 14.35 GHz for 10 gm of tissue. Besides that, the antenna's flexible design promises an excellent execution under several bending conditions, making it ideal for wearable applications. These findings establish the antenna as an efficient solution for breast cancer detection and healthcare monitoring, combining safety, flexibility, and the aptness to ameliorate early diagnosis while lowering mortality rates. Wearable antennas are pivotal for advanced healthcare applications. This section presents the literature and discusses the work related to flexible UWB antenna designed for breast cancer detection and healthcare monitoring, tackling challenges in early diagnosis and patient care.
随着电磁学技术的不断完善，各种医学应用不断发展，能够有效地检测疾病。乳腺癌是全球女性死亡的主要原因，因此需要进行早期诊断和筛查，以便及时进行医疗干预。本研究建立了一种先进的三角形开槽圆形柔性超宽带（UWB）天线的设计、仿真和分析模型，该天线针对乳腺癌检测和医疗监测进行了优化。所提出的天线采用2.95 GHz至24.2 GHz的宽频率范围，实现了令人印象深刻的156%的阻抗带宽。它验证了方向和全向辐射方向图，尺寸紧凑，为46.3×52.6×1.076 mm³。关键方面显示，在14.35 GHz处有一个谐振频率，输入反射系数高达-37.8 dB。该天线在5.8 GHz时实现了3.16 dB的峰值增益，在5.8 GHz和4.48 GHz时的效率分别为59.56%和66.88%。一项涉及比吸收率（SAR）评估的详细案例研究证实了该天线的安全暴露水平。对于扁平人体模型，10克组织在13.5 GHz时的SAR值为0.774 W/kg，在14.35 GHz时为0.712 W/kg。对于乳房模型，10克组织在11.4 GHz时的SAR值为0.201 W/kg，在14.35 GHz时为0.152 W/kg。此外，该天线的柔性设计保证了在多种弯曲条件下的出色性能，使其非常适合可穿戴应用。这些发现表明，该天线是乳腺癌检测和医疗监测的有效解决方案，兼具安全性、灵活性以及改善早期诊断并降低死亡率的适用性。可穿戴天线对于先进的医疗应用至关重要。本节介绍了相关文献，并讨论了与为乳腺癌检测和医疗监测设计的柔性超宽带天线相关的工作，探讨了早期诊断和患者护理方面的挑战。
