Sabit Hussein, Pawlik Timothy M, Radwan Faisal, Abdel-Hakeem Mohamed, Abdel-Ghany Shaimaa, Wadan Al-Hassan Soliman, Elzawahri Mokhtar, El-Hashash Ahmed, Arneth Borros
Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Misr University for Science and Technology, P.O. Box 77, Giza, Egypt.
Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
Mol Cancer. 2025 Jun 3;24(1):160. doi: 10.1186/s12943-025-02357-z.
Cancer treatment has been revolutionized by immunotherapy and nanomedicine, offering innovative strategies to overcome the tumor microenvironment (TME) complexities. However, challenges such as therapeutic resistance, off-target effects, and immune suppression necessitate advanced delivery systems and combination approaches. Recent advancements in nanoparticle-based therapies, biomimetic platforms, and personalized immunotherapy provide promising solutions to enhance therapeutic efficacy while minimizing systemic toxicity. This review explores recent nanoparticle-mediated immunotherapy developments, highlighting strategies to optimize drug delivery, remodel the TME, and improve patient-specific treatment outcomes. A comprehensive review of recent literature focused on nanoparticle-based drug delivery, stimuli-responsive systems, biomimetic nanoplatforms, and personalized immunotherapy approaches. The effectiveness of combination therapies integrating physical and immunological strategies was also analyzed. Nanoparticle-mediated immunotherapy enables precise targeting and controlled drug release, significantly improving therapeutic outcomes. Biomimetic nanoplatforms enhance immune modulation and drug bioavailability, while personalized immunotherapy, guided by predictive biomarkers, tailors treatment to individual patients. Advanced nanomedicine strategies, including TME remodeling, targeted genome editing, and combination immunotherapies, offer promising avenues for overcoming limitations in conventional cancer treatments. Future research should optimize nanoformulations, integrate multi-modal treatment strategies, and refine biomarker-driven personalization to enhance clinical outcomes.
免疫疗法和纳米医学彻底改变了癌症治疗方式，为克服肿瘤微环境（TME）的复杂性提供了创新策略。然而，诸如治疗抗性、脱靶效应和免疫抑制等挑战需要先进的递送系统和联合方法。基于纳米颗粒的疗法、仿生平台和个性化免疫疗法的最新进展为提高治疗效果同时最小化全身毒性提供了有前景的解决方案。本综述探讨了纳米颗粒介导的免疫疗法的最新进展，重点介绍了优化药物递送、重塑TME以及改善患者特异性治疗结果的策略。对近期关于基于纳米颗粒的药物递送、刺激响应系统、仿生纳米平台和个性化免疫疗法的文献进行了全面综述。还分析了整合物理和免疫策略的联合疗法的有效性。纳米颗粒介导的免疫疗法能够实现精确靶向和可控药物释放，显著改善治疗结果。仿生纳米平台增强免疫调节和药物生物利用度，而由预测性生物标志物指导的个性化免疫疗法则根据个体患者量身定制治疗方案。先进的纳米医学策略，包括TME重塑、靶向基因组编辑和联合免疫疗法，为克服传统癌症治疗中的局限性提供了有前景的途径。未来的研究应优化纳米制剂，整合多模态治疗策略，并完善生物标志物驱动的个性化治疗以提高临床疗效。
