Chen Guanqing, O'Malley A James
Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02215 MA US.
The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, 03756 NH US.
Appl Netw Sci. 2025;10(1):18. doi: 10.1007/s41109-025-00709-8. Epub 2025 May 31.
The recent published literature on linear network autocorrelation models of actor behaviors or other mutable attributes has revealed a curious finding. Irrespective of the size of the network and the status of other network features, likelihood-based estimators (e.g., maximum likelihood and Bayesian) of the autocorrelation parameter ([Formula: see text]) are negatively biased and become increasingly so as the density of the network increases. In this paper we investigate the pattern of bias of estimators of [Formula: see text] when analyzing multiple mutually exclusive sub-networks and directed networks with various levels of reciprocity. In addition to considering the case of a linear network autocorrelation model applied to a binary-valued network, the edges may be weighted and the attribute whose actor-interdependence (or peer-effect) we are interested in may be an event (i.e., a binary outcome), a count, or a rate outcome motivating the use of generalized linear network autocorrelation models. We perform a simulation study that reveals that bias reduces substantially as either the number of sub-networks increases or with increased variation across the network in the edge weights but this pattern is not observed with reciprocity. The findings for generalized linear network autocorrelation models are in general similar to those for linear network autocorrelation models. Finally, we perform a statistical power analysis based on these findings for use in designing future studies whose goal is to estimate or to detect peer-effects.
近期发表的关于行为主体行为或其他可变属性的线性网络自相关模型的文献揭示了一个有趣的发现。无论网络规模以及其他网络特征的状况如何,自相关参数([公式:见正文])基于似然性的估计量(例如最大似然估计和贝叶斯估计)都存在负偏差,并且随着网络密度的增加,这种偏差会越来越大。在本文中,我们研究了在分析多个相互排斥的子网以及具有不同互惠程度的有向网络时,[公式:见正文]估计量的偏差模式。除了考虑将线性网络自相关模型应用于二元值网络的情况外,边可以是加权的,并且我们感兴趣的行为主体相互依赖(或同伴效应)的属性可以是一个事件(即二元结果)、一个计数或一个比率结果,这促使我们使用广义线性网络自相关模型。我们进行了一项模拟研究,结果表明,随着子网数量的增加或网络上边权重的变化增加,偏差会大幅降低,但这种模式在互惠性方面并未观察到。广义线性网络自相关模型的研究结果总体上与线性网络自相关模型的结果相似。最后,我们基于这些发现进行了一项统计功效分析,以用于设计未来旨在估计或检测同伴效应的研究。