Topographical cues of biomaterials and fibroblast activation: Are they related?

The implantation of foreign materials often leads to fibroblast activation and fibrous capsule formation. The process of fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition (FMT) is partially influenced by the surface properties of biomaterials, including factors such as stiffness, wettability, roughness, and topography. This article reviews the studies that concentrate on the connection between the topographical cues of biomaterials and FMT. We have summarized the key findings and subsequently analyzed the potential reasons behind the contradictory conclusions in these studies.