Fuchs Stephanie, Ernst Alexander U, Wang Long-Hai, Shariati Kaavian, Wang Xi, Liu Qingsheng, Ma Minglin
Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States.
Chem Rev. 2021 Sep 22;121(18):11458-11526. doi: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01062. Epub 2020 Dec 28.
Type 1 diabetes therapies that afford tighter glycemic control in a more manageable and painless manner for patients has remained a central focus of next-generation diabetes therapies. In many of these emerging technologies, namely, self-regulated insulin delivery and cell replacement therapies, hydrogels are employed to mitigate some of the most long-standing challenges. In this Review, we summarize recent developments in the use of hydrogels for both insulin delivery and insulin-producing cell therapies for type 1 diabetes management. We first outline perspectives in glucose sensitive hydrogels for smart insulin delivery, pH sensitive polymeric hydrogels for oral insulin delivery, and other physiochemical signals used to trigger insulin release from hydrogels. We, then, investigate the use of hydrogels in the encapsulation of insulin secreting cells with a special emphasis on hydrogels designed to mitigate the foreign body response, provide a suitable extracellular microenvironment, and improve mass transfer through oxygen supplementation and vascularization. Evaluations of limitations and promising directions for future research are also considered. Continuing interdisciplinary and collaborative research efforts will be required to produce hydrogels with instructive biochemical microenvironments necessary to address the enduring challenges of emerging type 1 diabetes therapies.
能够以更易于管理且无痛的方式为患者提供更严格血糖控制的1型糖尿病治疗方法，一直是下一代糖尿病治疗的核心关注点。在许多这些新兴技术中，即自我调节胰岛素递送和细胞替代疗法，水凝胶被用于缓解一些最长期存在的挑战。在本综述中，我们总结了水凝胶在1型糖尿病管理的胰岛素递送和胰岛素产生细胞疗法中的最新进展。我们首先概述了用于智能胰岛素递送的葡萄糖敏感水凝胶、用于口服胰岛素递送的pH敏感聚合物水凝胶以及用于触发胰岛素从水凝胶中释放的其他物理化学信号的相关观点。然后，我们研究了水凝胶在封装胰岛素分泌细胞中的应用，特别强调了旨在减轻异物反应、提供合适的细胞外微环境以及通过补充氧气和血管生成改善物质传递的水凝胶。还考虑了对局限性的评估以及未来研究的有前景方向。需要持续的跨学科和合作研究努力，以生产出具有指导性生化微环境的水凝胶，从而应对新兴1型糖尿病治疗中持久存在的挑战。
