Disease spectrum of patients with hospital-acquired multidrug-resistant organism infections in the intensive care unit: a retrospective study.

OBJECTIVE

To understand the infection status and disease spectrum distribution of patients with hospital-acquired Multidrug-resistant Organism (MDRO) Infections in an intensive care unit (ICU) before, during, and after the () Pandemic, and provide a basis for the prevention and control of hospital-acquired MDRO infections.

METHODS

Data from the Second People's Hospital of Fuyang City's ICU was analyzed from three periods: pre- (January 1, 2018-December 8, 2019), during (December 9, 2019-December 7, 2022), and post- (December 8, 2022-December 31, 2023). The study compares the disease spectrum of MDRO infections patients across these periods.

RESULTS

The incidence density of hospital-acquired MDRO infections showed significant variation over the six-year period, with the highest density in the post- period (43.98 per 1,000 ICU days) and the lowest during the period (21.96 per 1,000 ICU days). The mortality rate associated with MDRO infections was minimized during the pandemic (2.70 per 1,000 ICU days) and rebounded in the post- period (10.66 per 1,000 ICU days). The infection rate of () increased in the post- group compared to the pre- and during- groups (  = 8.82,  = 0.012). Respiratory diseases consistently ranked first pre-, during, and post- pandemic. The proportion of nervous system diseases in the post- group was lower than in the pre- and during groups ( < 0.05), while the proportions of respiratory diseases and acute abdomen were higher than in the pre- and during- groups ( < 0.05). Among ICU MDRO patient death cases, the proportion of respiratory diseases in the post- group was higher than in the pre- and during- groups ( < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

Our data show the mortality rate of hospital-acquired MDRO infections decreased during and increased after restrictions eased. The disease spectrum of MDRO-infected patients is complex and diverse. Standardized, accurate treatment and focused management of respiratory diseases are essential, along with strengthened infection prevention measures.