Mash Robert, Ajudua Febisola, Malope Sebaka, Kaura Doreen
Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town.
Afr J Prim Health Care Fam Med. 2025 May 28;17(2):e1-e6. doi: 10.4102/phcfm.v17i2.4946.
Primary care researchers often turn to qualitative methodologies to explore people's perspectives and experiences. Phenomenology is appropriate when the focus is on lived experiences, rather than ideas, beliefs, opinions or perceptions. Phenomenology has its roots in German philosophy and the social sciences, and doctoral students as well as researchers in the health sciences may struggle to understand the paradigm and apply it practically. This article attempts to make sense of the paradigm and two of its key threads, namely descriptive and interpretive phenomenology. The key principles of both approaches and the practical methodological steps are outlined. In addition, examples are given, and the two approaches are compared. Finally, the article discusses trustworthiness and quality criteria in phenomenology.
初级保健研究人员常常借助定性研究方法来探究人们的观点和经历。当研究重点是生活体验而非想法、信仰、观点或认知时，现象学是适用的。现象学源于德国哲学和社会科学，健康科学领域的博士生以及研究人员可能难以理解这一范式并将其实际应用。本文试图阐释这一范式及其两条关键脉络，即描述性现象学和诠释性现象学。文中概述了这两种方法的关键原则及实际方法步骤。此外，还给出了示例，并对这两种方法进行了比较。最后，本文探讨了现象学中的可信度和质量标准。
