Moonla Chochanon, Reynoso Maria, Chang An-Yi, Saha Tamoghna, Surace Stacey, Wang Joseph
Aiiso Yufeng Li Family Department of Chemical and Nano Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, California 92093, United States.
Shu Chien-Gene Lay Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, San Diego, California 92093, United States.
ACS Sens. 2025 Aug 22;10(8):5363-5379. doi: 10.1021/acssensors.5c00652. Epub 2025 Jun 3.
Significant advances have been made in the management of diabetes through the development of wearable biomedical monitoring and drug-delivery devices. Technologies such as continuous glucose monitors (CGMs) and insulin pumps have particularly transformed diabetes care over the past two decades. However, most current efforts largely focus on glucose and insulin regulation, limiting a broader understanding of metabolic health and the interplay of various biomarkers. Comprehensive diabetes management requires a more holistic approach encompassing diverse biomarkers to address the full spectrum of metabolic health. Adequate response to glycemic variability thus requires continuous monitoring of additional chemical and physical parameters that affect insulin sensitivity. Leveraging recent advances in wearable microneedle (MN) platforms, such systems have received considerable attention for biomedical applications, ranging from continuous multiplexed monitoring to transdermal drug delivery. This review article provides a thorough analysis of the use of MNs for enhanced diabetes management, emphasizing their unique capabilities for simultaneous monitoring of multiple key diabetes biomarkers beyond glucose and for autonomous transdermal delivery of insulin and glucagon based on novel glucose-responsive MN materials and addressing literature gaps regarding the integration of such diagnostic and treatment technologies onto single MN arrays. Representative applications of key MN sensing and delivery devices are highlighted, underscoring their capabilities to revolutionize disease management. We conclude with a forward-looking vision of next-generation AI-guided MN-based closed-loop "Sense-Release" artificial pancreas systems for enhanced glycemic control and improved patient outcomes.
通过可穿戴生物医学监测和药物输送设备的发展，糖尿病管理取得了重大进展。在过去二十年中，连续血糖监测仪（CGM）和胰岛素泵等技术尤其改变了糖尿病护理。然而，目前的大多数努力主要集中在血糖和胰岛素调节上，限制了对代谢健康以及各种生物标志物相互作用的更广泛理解。全面的糖尿病管理需要一种更全面的方法，涵盖多种生物标志物，以解决代谢健康的各个方面。因此，要充分应对血糖变异性，就需要持续监测影响胰岛素敏感性的其他化学和物理参数。利用可穿戴微针（MN）平台的最新进展，此类系统在生物医学应用中受到了广泛关注，从连续多重监测到透皮给药。这篇综述文章对微针在强化糖尿病管理中的应用进行了全面分析，强调了它们在同时监测除血糖之外的多种关键糖尿病生物标志物以及基于新型葡萄糖响应性微针材料自主透皮递送胰岛素和胰高血糖素方面的独特能力，并填补了有关将此类诊断和治疗技术集成到单个微针阵列上的文献空白。重点介绍了关键微针传感和递送设备的代表性应用，强调了它们革新疾病管理的能力。我们以对下一代人工智能引导的基于微针的闭环“传感-释放”人工胰腺系统的前瞻性展望作为结尾，以实现更好的血糖控制和改善患者预后。
