具有钙动力学的简化双室神经元,可捕捉脑状态特异性的顶树突放大、隔离和驱动。
Simplified two-compartment neuron with calcium dynamics capturing brain-state specific apical-amplification, -isolation and -drive.
作者信息
Pastorelli Elena, Yegenoglu Alper, Kolodziej Nicole, Wybo Willem, Simula Francesco, Diaz-Pier Sandra, Storm Johan Frederik, Paolucci Pier Stanislao
机构信息
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma, Rome, Italy.
Simulation and Data Lab Neuroscience, Jülich Supercomputing Centre (JSC), Institute for Advanced Simulation, JARA, Jülich Research Center, Jülich, Germany.
出版信息
Front Comput Neurosci. 2025 May 20;19:1566196. doi: 10.3389/fncom.2025.1566196. eCollection 2025.
Mounting experimental evidence suggests the hypothesis that brain-state-specific neural mechanisms, supported by the connectome shaped by evolution, could play a crucial role in integrating past and contextual knowledge with the current, incoming flow of evidence (e.g., from sensory systems). These mechanisms would operate across multiple spatial and temporal scales, necessitating dedicated support at the levels of individual neurons and synapses. A notable feature within the neocortex is the structure of large, deep pyramidal neurons, which exhibit a distinctive separation between an apical dendritic compartment and a basal dendritic/perisomatic compartment. This separation is characterized by distinct patterns of incoming connections and three brain-state-specific activation mechanisms, namely, apical-amplification, -isolation, and drive, which have been proposed to be associated - with wakefulness, deeper NREM sleep stages, and REM sleep, respectively. The cognitive roles of apical mechanisms have been supported by experiments in behaving animals. In contrast, classical models of learning in spiking networks are based on single-compartment neurons, lacking the ability to describe the integration of apical and basal/somatic information. This work provides the computational community with a two-compartment spiking neuron model that supports the proposed forms of brain-state-specific activity. A machine learning evolutionary algorithm, guided by a set of fitness functions, selected parameters defining neurons that express the desired apical dendritic mechanisms. The resulting spiking model can be further approximated by a piece-wise linear transfer function (ThetaPlanes) for use in large-scale bio-inspired artificial intelligence systems.
越来越多的实验证据支持这样一种假说
由进化塑造的连接组所支持的大脑状态特异性神经机制,可能在将过去和情境知识与当前传入的证据流(例如来自感觉系统的证据流)整合方面发挥关键作用。这些机制将在多个空间和时间尺度上运行,这就需要在单个神经元和突触层面提供专门的支持。新皮层内一个显著的特征是大型深层锥体神经元的结构,其顶端树突区和基底树突/胞体区之间存在明显的分隔。这种分隔的特征是传入连接的不同模式以及三种大脑状态特异性激活机制,即顶端放大、隔离和驱动,有人提出它们分别与清醒、更深的非快速眼动睡眠阶段和快速眼动睡眠相关。顶端机制的认知作用已在行为动物实验中得到支持。相比之下,脉冲神经网络中的经典学习模型基于单室神经元,缺乏描述顶端与基底/胞体信息整合的能力。这项工作为计算领域提供了一种双室脉冲神经元模型,该模型支持所提出的大脑状态特异性活动形式。一种机器学习进化算法在一组适应度函数的引导下,选择定义表达所需顶端树突机制的神经元的参数。由此产生的脉冲模型可以通过分段线性传递函数(ThetaPlanes)进一步近似,以便用于大规模受生物启发的人工智能系统。