Tang Jianpu, Wang Ziqing, Yang Dayong, Yao Chi
Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (MOE), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China.
Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China.
ACS Biomater Sci Eng. 2025 Jul 14;11(7):3858-3874. doi: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.5c00216. Epub 2025 Jun 4.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have garnered significant attention in the biomedical field due to their potential applications. However, their small size and high heterogeneity pose challenges for precise manipulation. Recent advancements have focused on the assembly of DNA nanostructures on EV membranes, leveraging the precise programmability and unique base pairing of DNA to enable the customized modification and manipulation of EVs. This perspective examines the design and characterization of DNA nanostructure-based assemblies on EV membranes, with an emphasis on enhancing efficiency in EV separation, cancer diagnosis, and therapy. For EV separation, DNA materials facilitate highly selective separation through specific binding to membrane molecular markers by passing the need for sophisticated instrumentation and complex procedures. In cancer diagnosis, DNA nanostructures on EVs act as efficient recognition and sensing modules for cancer-associated biomarkers, offering robust tools for accurate cancer detection. In drug delivery, these assemblies enhance the targeting efficiency and drug loading stability of EVs, ensuring a precise delivery and efficient release at lesion sites. Furthermore, this review discusses the current challenges and future development prospects in this field, aiming to inspire new ideas and methodologies for EV-based biomedical research.
细胞外囊泡（EVs）因其潜在应用在生物医学领域备受关注。然而，其尺寸小和高度异质性给精确操控带来了挑战。最近的进展集中在将DNA纳米结构组装到EV膜上，利用DNA精确的可编程性和独特的碱基配对来实现对EVs的定制修饰和操控。这篇综述探讨了基于DNA纳米结构的EV膜组装体的设计与表征，重点在于提高EVs分离、癌症诊断和治疗的效率。对于EVs分离，DNA材料通过与膜分子标记物特异性结合实现高度选择性分离，无需复杂仪器和繁琐程序。在癌症诊断中，EVs上的DNA纳米结构作为癌症相关生物标志物的高效识别和传感模块，为准确的癌症检测提供了有力工具。在药物递送方面，这些组装体提高了EVs的靶向效率和药物负载稳定性，确保在病变部位精确递送和高效释放。此外，本综述讨论了该领域当前的挑战和未来发展前景，旨在为基于EVs的生物医学研究激发新的思路和方法。
