Ohmido Nobuko, Sartsanga Channarong, Dwiranti Astari
Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, Tsurukabuto 3-11, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, Tsurukabuto 3-11, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
Micron. 2025 Sep;196-197:103860. doi: 10.1016/j.micron.2025.103860. Epub 2025 May 26.
Chromosomes serve as fundamental units for the transmission of genetic information, and understanding their higher-order structure has been a longstanding research challenge. This review highlights recent advances in plant chromosome structure analysis, focusing on electron microscopy techniques that enable nanoscale visualization of chromatin architecture. Improvements in chromosome preparation, including chromosome isolation and ionic liquid coating, have enhanced the preservation of chromosome structure. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Focused Ion Beam SEM (FIB-SEM) and High-Voltage Transmission Electron Microscopy (HVTEM) have revealed detailed features of chromatin folding in centromeric and non-centromeric regions. Proteomic studies have identified key chromosomal proteins, such as topoisomerase II and nucleolar proteins, contributing to chromosome condensation and stability. The role of divalent cations and RNA in chromatin compaction are also discussed. Integrating these findings, this review provides an overview of technological advancements and their impact on elucidating chromosome architecture.
染色体是遗传信息传递的基本单位，而了解其高级结构一直是一项长期的研究挑战。本综述重点介绍了植物染色体结构分析的最新进展，着重关注能够对染色质结构进行纳米级可视化的电子显微镜技术。染色体制备方面的改进，包括染色体分离和离子液体包被，增强了染色体结构的保存。扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、聚焦离子束扫描电子显微镜（FIB-SEM）和高压透射电子显微镜（HVTEM）揭示了着丝粒和非着丝粒区域染色质折叠的详细特征。蛋白质组学研究已经鉴定出关键的染色体蛋白，如拓扑异构酶II和核仁蛋白，它们有助于染色体浓缩和稳定。还讨论了二价阳离子和RNA在染色质压缩中的作用。综合这些发现，本综述概述了技术进步及其对阐明染色体结构的影响。
